The Historical Dictionary of the American Theater

CENSORSHIP

censorship: translation

The censoring of theatre existed from its beginnings, and in America this proclivity initially stemmed from Puritans who viewed the stage as a den of idleness and iniquity. Over time, censorious forces focused on controversial thematic content, certain forms of human behavior (especially sexuality), and language. In the mid-19th century, performances featuring scantily clad women both titillated and outraged audiences, culminating in a major controversy over Adah Isaacs Menken'sMazeppa(1861) and the musicalmelodramaThe Black Crook(1866); the latter was decried for its chorus of ballerinas dressed in little more than tights.
After 1880, the focus of censorship began to shift toward the content of social problem plays and realism, with frequent closings (and arrests) associated with the earliest American productions of plays by Henrik Ibsen and George Bernard Shaw.James A. Herne'sMargaret Fleming(1890), written in the Ibsenite mode, was not permitted performances in either New York or Boston. In 1905, whenArnold Dalyproduced Shaw'sMrs. Warren's Profession, which had been written in the early 1890s, both he andleading lady Mary Shawwere arrested. Other plays running afoul of authorities includeClydeFitch'sSapho(1900) andGeorgeScarborough'sThe Lure(1913).
While musicals, revues, andburlesquewere able to employ limited nudity and risqué subject matter, thelegitimatestage met with greater difficulty.Eugene O'Neill encountered resistance to several of his plays, including moral objections toDesire Under the Elms(1924) and his Pulitzer PRiZE-winningStrange Interlude(1928), as well as considerable distress over race issues inAll God's Chillun Got Wings(1924). The antiwAR sentiments and soldierly language ofLaurence Stallingsand Maxwell Anderson'sWhat Price Glory(1924) incited calls for censorship, andEdwin JustusMayer'sThe Firebrand(1924), Sidney Howard'sThey Knew What They Wanted(1924),John B. Colton'sThe Shanghai Gesture(1926), andEdward Sheldonand Charles MacArthur's*Lulu Belle(1926) all raised hackles. Censors focused particularly on the plays ofMae West, whose sexually liberated play,Sex(1926), in which she also played the lead, led to her arrest for indecency. She spent 10 days in jail and was fined $500, but attendant publicity made her a major star. West's next play,The Drag(1927), depicted a homosexual ball and was closed by authorities before it could reach Broadway. West's exploits led to the enactment of theWales Padlock Lawof 1927, which permitted authorities to arrest personnel, lock theatres, and ban productions viewed as indecent. This law was rarely enforced, partly because defining indecency proved complicated, but it remained on the books until the 1960s and was significant in forcing producers to tread lightly in sensitive areas.

  1. censorship—мед.сущ. самоконтроль Англорусский медицинский словарь....Англо-русский медицинский словарь
  2. censorship—censorship translation nounADJECTIVE strict government military state wartime Internet media political press official VERB CENSORSHIP impose The government has...Collocations dictionary
  3. censorship—censorship bersetzung censorship Zensur f...Englisch-Deutsch Worterbuch gesetz
  4. censorship—Censorship translation During the period of partition films in the Polish territories were censored according to the laws of the occupying powers. After regaining indepen...Guide to cinema
  5. censorship—Censorship translation The GottschedNeuberstrong reforms of the s had firmly established in both the public and the aristocratic consciousness that theater was a moral in...Historical dictionary of German Theatre
  6. censorship—Censorship translation Film censorship regulations were first introduced in Italy in by a law that established the requirement for all films to be furnished with an offi...Historical dictionary of Italian cinema
  7. censorship—Censorship translation Freedom of expression is guaranteed by the constitution of each Scandinavian country. Under the absolutist monarchs who ruled prior to the establis...Historical Dictionary of Scandinavian Literature and Theater
  8. censorship—Censorship translation Official film censorship in Spain started in and remained in place as an explicit system to control artistic expression enforced in one form or an...Historical dictionary of Spanish cinema
  9. censorship—Censorship translation During the period of the Republicin the th and th centuries censorship of the press was in the hands of local and re gional authorities. The States...Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands
  10. censorship—CENSORSHIP translation Censorship in modern Japan has served as both a political expedient wielded by government as well as a selfregulating tool used by the publishing h...Japanese literature and theater
  11. censorship—censorship translationSee armed forces censorship civil censorship field press censorship national censorship primary censorship prisoner of war censorship secondary cens...Military dictionary
  12. censorship—censorship translationSynonyms and related wordsabbreviation abridgment bamboo curtain barrier of secrecy blackout block blockage blocking bluepenciling bowdlerization ca...Moby Thesaurus
  13. censorship—censorship translation STANLEY KUBRICK ran into censorship restrictions with SPARTACUSem homosexuality and violence LOLITAem pedophilia and A CLOCKWORK ORANGEem rape and ...The Encyclopedia of Stanley Kubrick
  14. censorship—[sensp]цензурацензорцензура подавление подсознательных влечений...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  15. censorship—цензура...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  16. censorship—цензура...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  17. censorship—военная цензура воен....Англо-русский словарь военных терминов
  18. censorship—n усечение цензура...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  19. censorship—censorship [sensp] nu цензура должность цензора...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  20. censorship—сущ. цензура государственный надзор за печатью и средствами массовой информации to impose introduce censorship вводить цензуру to exercise practice censorship осуществ...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  21. censorship—цензура должность цензора...Англо-русский словарь по патентам и товарным знакам
  22. censorship—Цензура censorship of advertisement censorship of press preliminary censorship...Англо-русский словарь по полиграфии
  23. censorship—n .strong цензура .strong пост и срок полномочий цензора .strong в психоанализе внутренняя цензура сознания термин введен З. Фрейдом проявляющаяся в томampGTфункциями эг...Англо-русский словарь по социологии
  24. censorship—стат.цензурирование усечение...Англо-русский словарь по экономике
  25. censorship—nto be subjected to censorship подвергаться цензуреto employ strict censorship применять строгую цензуруto impose to introduce censorship on smthem устанавливать вво...Англо-русский словарь политической терминологии
  26. censorship—n. цензура должность цензора...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  27. censorship—сущ.emstrong цензура пост и срок полномочий цензора в психоанализе внутренняя цензура сознания термин введен З. Фрейдом проявляющаяся в том что функциями эго и суперэго ...Англо-русский социологический словарь
  28. censorship—цензорство...Англо-русский технический словарь
  29. censorship—сущ. пол. цензура система государственного надзора за печатью и средствами массовой информацииem strict press censorship [censorship of the press\] жесткая цензура пресс...Англо-русский экономический словарь
  30. censorship—цензура должность цензора...Англо-русский юридический словарь
  31. censorship—n цензура посада цензора...Англо-украинский словарь
  32. censorship—цензура посада цензора censorship for national security reasons цензура з мркувань нацонально безпеки censorship committee censorship limitations censorship of obscenit...Англо-украинский юридический словарь
  33. censorship—n цензура...Англо-український дипломатичний словник
  34. censorship—цензура...Англо-український словник
  35. censorship—n цензура посада цензора....Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  36. censorship—цензура посада цензора censorship for national security reasons цензура з мркувань нацонально безпеки censorship committeecensorship limitationscensorship of obscenityce...Англо-український юридичний словник
  37. censorship—Цензура. Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии....Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии
  38. censorship—[sensp] n. цензура. ист. пост и срок полномочий цензора в Древнем Риме. censor I...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  39. censorship—censorship [sensp] ni . цензура . ист. iпост и срок полномочий цензора в Древнем Римеi . censor I...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  40. censorship—sensp n . цензура . ист. emпост и срок полномочий цензора в Древнем Римеem . censor I...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна