Japanese literature and theater

CENSORSHIP

CENSORSHIP: translation

Censorship in modern Japan has served as both a political expedient wielded by government as well as a self-regulating tool used by the publishing houses. In 1869, the first publishing regulations were enacted, followed in 1875 by regulations for newspapers. Under the Meiji Constitution, these regulations were modified and intensified, focusing not only on treasonable materials but also on anything deemed “injurious to public morals.” Publishers learned quickly what would and would not pass the government censors and often used self-censorship to avoid the scandal of official censure. The inevitable clash between writers and censorship laws came early and often through the end of World War II, in part because of the kind of freedoms of expression the new narrative styles allowed and encouraged.With the rise of Communism and proletarian literature in the 1920s, the police were particularly severe in enforcing the Peace Preservation Act of 1925, which outlawed groups that sought to alter the system of government or to abolish private ownership. This act was broadly interpreted and was often used to censor literary publication. As Japan’s war with China escalated, writers were forced to either produce propaganda or not write at all. Tanizaki Jun’ichiro was particularly affected by wartime censorship, as both his modern translation of The Tale of Genji (ca. 1008) and his novel Sasameyuki (1943–48; tr. The Makioka Sisters, 1957) were subjected to censorship.
Following the war, the Allied Occupation force set up its own censorship system, which came to an end with the Occupation and the establishment of Article 21 of the Japanese Constitution prohibiting censorship. Although Japanese literature has been free of censorship ever since, there have been subsequent obscenity trials focusing on the translation of works by D. H. Lawrence and the Marquis de Sade.
See also ITO SEI; MARXISM; MILITARISM; SHIBUSAWA TATSUHIKO; THOUGHT POLICE.

  1. censorship—мед.сущ. самоконтроль Англорусский медицинский словарь....Англо-русский медицинский словарь
  2. censorship—censorship translation nounADJECTIVE strict government military state wartime Internet media political press official VERB CENSORSHIP impose The government has...Collocations dictionary
  3. censorship—censorship bersetzung censorship Zensur f...Englisch-Deutsch Worterbuch gesetz
  4. censorship—Censorship translation During the period of partition films in the Polish territories were censored according to the laws of the occupying powers. After regaining indepen...Guide to cinema
  5. censorship—Censorship translation The GottschedNeuberstrong reforms of the s had firmly established in both the public and the aristocratic consciousness that theater was a moral in...Historical dictionary of German Theatre
  6. censorship—Censorship translation Film censorship regulations were first introduced in Italy in by a law that established the requirement for all films to be furnished with an offi...Historical dictionary of Italian cinema
  7. censorship—Censorship translation Freedom of expression is guaranteed by the constitution of each Scandinavian country. Under the absolutist monarchs who ruled prior to the establis...Historical Dictionary of Scandinavian Literature and Theater
  8. censorship—Censorship translation Official film censorship in Spain started in and remained in place as an explicit system to control artistic expression enforced in one form or an...Historical dictionary of Spanish cinema
  9. censorship—Censorship translation During the period of the Republicin the th and th centuries censorship of the press was in the hands of local and re gional authorities. The States...Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands
  10. censorship—censorship translationSee armed forces censorship civil censorship field press censorship national censorship primary censorship prisoner of war censorship secondary cens...Military dictionary
  11. censorship—censorship translationSynonyms and related wordsabbreviation abridgment bamboo curtain barrier of secrecy blackout block blockage blocking bluepenciling bowdlerization ca...Moby Thesaurus
  12. censorship—censorship translation STANLEY KUBRICK ran into censorship restrictions with SPARTACUSem homosexuality and violence LOLITAem pedophilia and A CLOCKWORK ORANGEem rape and ...The Encyclopedia of Stanley Kubrick
  13. censorship—censorship translation The censoring of theatre existed from its beginnings and in America this proclivity initially stemmed from Puritans who viewed the stage as a den o...The Historical Dictionary of the American Theater
  14. censorship—[sensp]цензурацензорцензура подавление подсознательных влечений...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  15. censorship—цензура...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  16. censorship—цензура...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  17. censorship—военная цензура воен....Англо-русский словарь военных терминов
  18. censorship—n усечение цензура...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  19. censorship—censorship [sensp] nu цензура должность цензора...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  20. censorship—сущ. цензура государственный надзор за печатью и средствами массовой информации to impose introduce censorship вводить цензуру to exercise practice censorship осуществ...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  21. censorship—цензура должность цензора...Англо-русский словарь по патентам и товарным знакам
  22. censorship—Цензура censorship of advertisement censorship of press preliminary censorship...Англо-русский словарь по полиграфии
  23. censorship—n .strong цензура .strong пост и срок полномочий цензора .strong в психоанализе внутренняя цензура сознания термин введен З. Фрейдом проявляющаяся в томampGTфункциями эг...Англо-русский словарь по социологии
  24. censorship—стат.цензурирование усечение...Англо-русский словарь по экономике
  25. censorship—nto be subjected to censorship подвергаться цензуреto employ strict censorship применять строгую цензуруto impose to introduce censorship on smthem устанавливать вво...Англо-русский словарь политической терминологии
  26. censorship—n. цензура должность цензора...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  27. censorship—сущ.emstrong цензура пост и срок полномочий цензора в психоанализе внутренняя цензура сознания термин введен З. Фрейдом проявляющаяся в том что функциями эго и суперэго ...Англо-русский социологический словарь
  28. censorship—цензорство...Англо-русский технический словарь
  29. censorship—сущ. пол. цензура система государственного надзора за печатью и средствами массовой информацииem strict press censorship [censorship of the press\] жесткая цензура пресс...Англо-русский экономический словарь
  30. censorship—цензура должность цензора...Англо-русский юридический словарь
  31. censorship—n цензура посада цензора...Англо-украинский словарь
  32. censorship—цензура посада цензора censorship for national security reasons цензура з мркувань нацонально безпеки censorship committee censorship limitations censorship of obscenit...Англо-украинский юридический словарь
  33. censorship—n цензура...Англо-український дипломатичний словник
  34. censorship—цензура...Англо-український словник
  35. censorship—n цензура посада цензора....Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  36. censorship—цензура посада цензора censorship for national security reasons цензура з мркувань нацонально безпеки censorship committeecensorship limitationscensorship of obscenityce...Англо-український юридичний словник
  37. censorship—Цензура. Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии....Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии
  38. censorship—[sensp] n. цензура. ист. пост и срок полномочий цензора в Древнем Риме. censor I...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  39. censorship—censorship [sensp] ni . цензура . ист. iпост и срок полномочий цензора в Древнем Римеi . censor I...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  40. censorship—sensp n . цензура . ист. emпост и срок полномочий цензора в Древнем Римеem . censor I...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна