Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation

IMMIGRATION

Immigration: translation

With thedissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia faced an entirely new environment in terms of immigration. While the country had seen the mass exodus ofJewsduring the late tsarist period and significant emigration associated with the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution and ensuing civil war (1918–1922), few Soviet citizens had the opportunity to leave the country during its seven decades of existence. Due to the totalitarian nature of its government, even fewer people sought to immigrate to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Immigration from the country has been a desirable aspect of social mobility in the USSR and post-Soviet Russia.
UnderMikhail Gorbachev, political reform allowed for a trickle of emigrants, while the comparative benefits of life in the USSR versus their homelands attracted a modest number of immigrants from Vietnam,Mongolia, theMiddle East, and Africa. After 1991, however, millions of Russians quit the country for economic opportunities abroad, particularly in theUnited States,Germany, Italy, Australia, andCanada, while many of the country’s Jews left forIsrael. Economic success proved difficult for most migrants, with cases of former doctors, engineers, and professors taking menial jobs in the West to make ends meet, while at the same time harming Russia through a debilitating “brain drain.” Concurrently, manyethnic Russiansliving in thenear abroad“returned” to Russia when faced with the prospect of living as second-class citizens in their new states of residence; many other people of “Soviet identity” also migrated to Russia during the 1990s as the result of internal strife in former Soviet republics, particularlyTajikistan,Georgia,Moldova, andAzerbaijan.
The Russian Federation became the second most popular destination for immigration by 2005 (behind the U.S.), commanding more than 12 million foreign-born residents; of these, more than 10 million are considered to be in the country illegally.However, most of these people were born in the Soviet Union and would have been considered “internal migrants” until 1992. Thus, unlike most other countries where the immigrant population lacks knowledge of the local language, the majority of these migrants possessRussian languageskills. The largest sending countries from within post-Soviet space are theCentral Asianrepublics ofKazakhstan,Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan, but large numbers of immigrants also come from the SouthCaucasusand Moldova. Outside of theCommonwealth of Independent States,ChinaandNorth Koreaare the most important countries of origin for immigrants.
While immigrants undoubtedly contribute to Russia’s gross domestic product (some estimates suggest they account for more than 10 percent of GDP), most Russians exaggerate their number and influence in the country and see immigrants as a drain on theeconomy.Ethnic violenceagainst foreigners has skyrocketed in the past decade, with increasingly gruesome attacks on people of Central/East Asian orCaucasianappearance, including non-Slav citizens of the Russian Federation. Resentment toward internal immigration is also high, as large numbers of Russian citizens have left theirethnic republicsoroblastsin Asiatic Russia or theNorth Caucasusto live and work inMoscow,St.Petersburg, or other metropolitan areas. Despite social problems, the Russian government recognizes the currentdemographic crisisand the need for workers, both legal and illegal.
As large immigrant communities flock to Russian cities, new immigrants from Russia have formed substantial communities in such countries as the United States, Germany,France, and particularlyGreat Britain, resulting in the BBC referring to London as “Moscow on the Thames” in 2004. These new immigrants rarely give up their citizenship; rather they see themselves as global citizens, who migrate to areas that are economically and culturally favorable. Some of these residents are very affluent and wield significant influence in their country of residence’s economic and political life (e.g.,Roman Abramovichin England).
In recent years, a number of schemes have been implemented to attract expatriate Russians, includingOld Believerfamilies who have not been resident on Russian soil for decades. However, forcing these “returnees” to settle inSiberiaand other inhospitable locations has doomed the program. More aggressive suggestions include inviting Indian, Vietnamese, and Latin American guest workers to the country to alleviate the need forChineseand Koreans, both of whom have territorial claims on theRussian Far East, andMuslims, who are seen as diluting theOrthodox Christiancharacter of the new Russia.
See alsoNagorno-Karabakh; Tajik civil war; Transnistria.

  1. immigration—внедрение вселение...Англо-русский словарь по экологии
  2. immigration—immigration translation noun strong coming to live in a countryADJECTIVE illegal undocumented AmE legal largescale mass massive increased uncontrolled the imp...Collocations dictionary
  3. immigration—Migration out of a place...Crosswordopener
  4. immigration—Immigration bersetzung Immigration Einwanderungstrong Gastrulation....Deutsch wörterbuch der biologie
  5. immigration—immigration bersetzungEinwanderung f immigration [imigasj] Substantif fminin Einwanderung fmininem...Dictionnaire Francais-Allemand
  6. immigration—immigration bersetzung immigration Immigration f Einwanderung f...Englisch-Deutsch Worterbuch gesetz
  7. immigration—immigration translation immigrationstrong immigration [mgren] noun [uncountable] . strong the process of entering another country state etc in order to live there In t...Financial and business terms
  8. immigration—immigration translation inward movement of people to a country....Geography glossary
  9. immigration—Immigration translation Seeem Aliya....Historical Dictionary of Israel
  10. immigration—Immigration translation Italy is one of the chief destinations of migrants from Albania Africa China Eastern Europe especially Romania and the Philippines. Its lengthy co...Historical Dictionary of modern Italy
  11. immigration—[mgren]иммиграция...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  12. immigration—Иммиграция...Англо-русский морской словарь
  13. immigration—иммиграция process with immigration процесс с иммиграцией immigration process statedependent immigration...Англо-русский научно-технический словарь
  14. immigration—иммиграция вселение эмбр. иммиграция...Англо-русский словарь биологических терминов
  15. immigration—a иммиграционный...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  16. immigration—n иммиграция переселение...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  17. immigration—immigration [mgren] nu иммиграция...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  18. immigration—сущ. иммиграция from into to...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  19. immigration—иммиграционный контроль пассажиров...Англо-русский словарь по гражданской авиации
  20. immigration—nиммиграция часть миграции населения характеризующаяся въездом в страну противоположность эмиграции.strong иммиграция часть миграции населения характеризующаяся въездом...Англо-русский словарь по социологии
  21. immigration—иммиграция fu в ветвящемся процессе...Англо-русский словарь по теории вероятности, статистике и комбинаторике
  22. immigration—Иммиграция переселение immigration of laborers civilian immigration collective immigration individual immigration net immigration selective immigration...Англо-русский словарь по экономике
  23. immigration—.strong nuиммиграция переселениеto combat illegal immigration бороться с незаконной иммиграциейto curb immigration into a country резко сокращать иммиграцию в странуto ...Англо-русский словарь политической терминологии
  24. immigration—n. иммиграция...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  25. immigration—mrenиммиграция...Англо-русский словарь экономических терминов
  26. immigration—сущ.emиммиграция часть миграции населения характеризующаяся въездом в страну противоположность эмиграции....Англо-русский социологический словарь
  27. immigration—иммиграция immigration process...Англо-русский технический словарь
  28. immigration—сущ. демогр. иммиграция въезд людей в данную страну или регион для постоянного проживанияem immigration of labourers иммиграция рабочих [рабочей силы\]forced migration n...Англо-русский экономический словарь
  29. immigration—иммиграция documented immigration undocumented immigration...Англо-русский юридический словарь
  30. immigration—n...Англо-украинский словарь
  31. immigration—ммграця переселення до ншо крани Immigration and Nationality Act Закон про ммграцю громадянство immigration act immigration appeal tribunal immigration authorities imm...Англо-украинский юридический словарь
  32. immigration—n ммграця racist policies on расистська ммграцйна полтика to obtain an visa отримати ммграцйну взу to control black регулювати ммграцю кольорового населення Велика Б...Англо-український дипломатичний словник
  33. immigration—ммграця...Англо-український словник
  34. immigration—n ммграця ммграцйний контроль пасажирв...Англо-український словник авіаційних термінів
  35. immigration—n ммграця....Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  36. immigration—ммграця переселення до ншо крани Immigration and Nationality Act Закон про ммграцю громадянство immigration actimmigration appeal tribunalimmigration authoritiesimmigra...Англо-український юридичний словник
  37. immigration—f en...Большой немецко-русский и русско-немецкий словарь
  38. immigration—f иммиграция...Большой немецко-русский медицинский словарь
  39. immigration—Immigrationstrong f иммиграstrongция...Большой немецко-русский словарь
  40. immigration—fиммиграция переселение...Большой французско-русский и русско-французский словарь
  41. immigration—ммграця...Дансько-український словник
  42. immigration—ммграця...Датсько-український словник
  43. immigration—палеонт.u вселение...Немецко-русский геологический словарь
  44. immigration—fиммиграция f...Немецко-русский медицинский словарь
  45. immigration—[mgren] n...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  46. immigration—immigration [mgren] ni иммиграция...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  47. immigration—mgren n иммиграция...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна
  48. immigration—imm иммиграция переселение...Новый французско-русский словарь
  49. immigration—иммиграция...Французско-русский экономический словарь
  50. immigration—f иммиграция...Французско-русский юридический словарь
  51. immigration—imigrasjon.strong иммиграция...Шведско-русский словарь
  52. immigration—ммграця...Шведсько-український словник