Historical Dictionary of the fashion industry

HISTORY

History: translation

While, without a doubt, early peoples fashioned and decorated clothing out of animal skins and, later, cloth, we know very little about what actually drove their fashion sense. After the Dark Ages (400-900 CE), however, a multitude of historical records show that the nexus of fashion centered around Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. There, court dress, with its rich silks, elaborate embroideries, and intricate weaves, drove that civilization's local fashion trends and soon spread to the Western world.
With the formation of the feudal system during the early Middle Ages (the eleventh and twelfth centuries), the upper classes in many European countries labored to dress as differently as possible from the lower classes. Rich European lords had access to fabrics not only from the Middle East but also from the Far East, thanks to Marco Polo's travels (1254-1324). Various guilds were formed to train apprentices, to oversee fashion pay scales, and to set apparel manufacturing work standards.
The French began showing dominance in the fashion arena as early as the thirteenth century. They created many popular medieval styles and went out of their way to name those styles with French names. The British were not far behind the French in influencing fashion tastes during this period, particularly when it came to menswear.
During the Renaissance (starting in the fourteenth century), Italian fashion and the arts caught the attention of European royalty. The Italians influenced the fashion world for several hundred years after the Renaissance.
Fashion trends spread from country to country. It was not uncommon for these trends to follow the nobility from one country to another, especially as countries' ruling families intermarried. Outside of the nobility, thanks to the advent of long-distance travel by ship or carriage, even the common people experienced new cultures, customs, fabrics, and costumes.However, the royal families set the overall tone for fashion. They had the funds to order custom-made clothing tailored to their exact measurements by dressmakers. Female designers were originally known as acouturières. Male designers were known ascouturiers. To gain favor with the royals, wealthy landowners would order their dressmakers to copy the (often custom-made) clothing worn by royalty. Thus began the trend of a limited number of fashion leaders dictating fashion to everybody else.
During the sixteenth century, Spain's stature in the world started to increase in a number of areas, partly due to the celebrity of Christopher Columbus's arrival to America. Not surprisingly, Spain's unique style in clothing and accessories during this time began to gain favor in the rest of Europe.
However, during the Baroque and Rococo periods (seventeenth and eighteenth centuries), fashion leadership returned to England and primarily
France. In fact, the French dominated the fashion scene for the next one hundred years.
More recently, countries such as Belgium, France, Italy, Japan, and the United States have shaped the fashion industry as a whole, though many other countries have made their own significant marks. Latin American dress influenced fashion during the twentieth century. The literal translation offashionistais born from the Spanish suffix, -ista, which translates into "devotee." Latin America brought the world Carolina Herrera (Venezuela) and Oscar de la Renta (Dominican Republic). Both of these designers are members of the Council of Latin American Designers, formed in 1999.
Germany was home to the company Escada, as well as to Jil Sander and Bernhard Wilhelm. Sander, a minimalist designer, and Wilhelm, known primarily for incorporating luxury fabrics and perfect workmanship, are both well-recognized players in global fashion.
Retail giants H&M from Sweden and Zara from Spain have placed these countries on the fashion radar screen due to their ability to capture the latest trends at a moderate price point. H&M had the shrewdness to commission Karl Lagerfeld to design a signature collection for the chain in 2004, solidifying the chain's image as a source for cutting-edge fashion.
The Netherlands, known mostly as a leader in architecture and product design, has not been focused on the commercialization of fashion. Dutch designers have had the luxury of governmental support, thus their work is pure and not influenced by the necessary "business" of fashion. Recent designers who have emerged from Holland are Mada van Ganns, Rozema Tevnissen, Janne Kyttanen, Jiri Evenhuis, and Viktor & Rolf.

  1. history—мед.сущ. история болезни анамнезный история Англорусский медицинский словарь....Англо-русский медицинский словарь
  2. history—предыстория...Англо-русский металлургический словарь
  3. history—история изменение во времени динамика процесса natural history естественная динамика напр. инфекционного процессаem мед. анамнез Витэ transfusion history трансфузи...Англо-русский словарь по иммунологии
  4. history—предыстория хронология хронологический архив данных статистика статистические данные протокол...Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению
  5. history—история...Англо-русский физический словарь
  6. history—history translation noun strong the past esp. as a subject of studyADJECTIVE contemporary early recent the early historyu of the trade union movement things that hap...Collocations dictionary
  7. history—history translationSee GO DOWN IN HISTORY or GO DOWN IN THE RECORDS....Dictionary of American idioms
  8. history—history translationSee GO DOWN IN HISTORY or GO DOWN IN THE RECORDS....Dictionary of American idioms
  9. history—history translation history UKu USu hstsupri nounu [Cu usually singularu] a record of past events relating to a particular person or company This is the th consecutive ...Financial and business terms
  10. history—History translation History on film can be either used in a visual way to display costumes and epic events for the sake of entertainment or politically to reinforce a cer...Guide to cinema
  11. history—HISTORY translation The new state of Israel came into being on May with the termination of the British mandate but its creation was preceded by more than years of effo...Historical Dictionary of Israel
  12. history—History translation History on film can be either used in a visual way to display costumes and epic events for the sake of entertainment or politically to reinforce a cer...Historical dictionary of Spanish cinema
  13. history—history translationSynonyms and related wordsClio Muse of history account adventures ancient history annals antiquity autobiography background biographical sketch biograp...Moby Thesaurus
  14. history—[hstr]история историческая наукаисторические событиясобытия прошлогорассказ история...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  15. history—history of geology история геологии depositional history история осадконакопления diastrophic history история диастрофизма earth history история земли plutonic history ис...Англо-русский геологический словарь
  16. history—история Британской империи...Англо-русский дипломатический словарь
  17. history—история историческая наука прошлое история make history сделать чтолибо запоминающееся повлиять на ход истории...Англо-русский дополнительный словарь
  18. history—статистические данные предыстория напр. станков определнного вида архив данных breakage history calibration history part history time history tool life history usage ...Англо-русский машиностроительный словарь
  19. history—история предыстория характер протекания процесса channel with past history канал с предысторией history of a system предыстория системы history of formula history of...Англо-русский научно-технический словарь
  20. history—transcription транскрипция [ hstr ]history n infml Shes just history. Were through Она уже пройденный этап. Мы с ней завязали Dont make a move! If this goes off youre his...Англо-русский новый словарь современного неформального английского языка
  21. history—история...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  22. history—история...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  23. history—life history natural history...Англо-русский словарь биологических терминов
  24. history—предыстория напр. состояний системы фон экспериментального исследования архив данных...Англо-русский словарь компьютерных терминов
  25. history—History история...Англо-русский словарь компьютерных терминов II
  26. history—n история...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  27. history—history [hstr] nu прошлое история the inner history of smth. подоплка чегол.thats ancient history! это старая история! это дело прошлое! история историческая наукаmode...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  28. history—историяcomposition history of production процесс изменения состава добываемой жидкости case history depositional history performance history pressure history product...Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности
  29. history—сущ. история историческая наука to make history создавать делать историю to trace the history of smth. прослеживать историю чегол. to distort history искажать историю...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  30. history—flight history sound level history time history...Англо-русский словарь по гражданской авиации
  31. history—история...Англо-русский словарь по компьютерам
  32. history—история предыстория архив access history events history...Англо-русский словарь по компьютерной безопасности
  33. history—статистические данные предыстория напр. станков определнного вида архив данных breakage history calibration history part history time history tool life history u...Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению и автоматизации производства
  34. history—file history history of art patent history...Англо-русский словарь по патентам и товарным знакам
  35. history—printing history...Англо-русский словарь по полиграфии
  36. history—n .strong история прошлое .strong письменные документы прошлого .strong дисциплина изучающая прошлое. strong история прошлое strong письменные документы прошлого stro...Англо-русский словарь по социологии
  37. history—strong историяstrong изменение во времени досье данные agrarian history case history credit history economic history financial history life history lifetime residence his...Англо-русский словарь по экономике
  38. history—nистория историческая наукаto alter the course of history менять ход историиto become history входить в историюto be judged well by history оставлять позитивный след в...Англо-русский словарь политической терминологии
  39. history—n. история прошлое историческая наука историческая пьеса...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  40. history—история изменение во времени динамика [характер протекания] процесса environmental history loading history temperature historystrongАнглорусский строительный словарь. М....Англо-русский словарь строительных терминов
  41. history—сущ.emstrong история прошлое письменные документы прошлого дисциплина изучающая прошлое. oral history[m]...Англо-русский социологический словарь
  42. history—история предыстория case history history of a system past history previous history time historypast history of a system предыстория системы...Англо-русский технический словарь
  43. history—история предыстория запись действий пользователя или системы см. тж. log...Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию
  44. history—сущ. общ. историяа процесс развития какогол. объекта б изучение этого процесса economic history financial history agrarian history agricultural history political history ...Англо-русский экономический словарь
  45. history—история прошлое совокупность имеющихся фактов history of criminality history of delinquency case history criminal history employment history file history legal history le...Англо-русский юридический словарь
  46. history—n сторя заст. сторична пса...Англо-украинский словарь
  47. history—сторя сукупнсть наявних фактв history of crime history of criminality history of delinquency history of jurisprudence history of law...Англо-украинский юридический словарь
  48. history—n сторя сторична наука ancient древня сторя mediaeval сторя Середнх вкв modern нова та новтня сторя universal всесвтня сторя...Англо-український дипломатичний словник
  49. history—минуле минувшину минувшина сторя...Англо-український словник
  50. history—nподя змна в час характер проткання flight history sound level history time history...Англо-український словник авіаційних термінів
  51. history—n сторя сторична наука the of the theatre сторя театру its a matter of це сторичний факт to become увйти в сторю курс стор lectures on лекц з стор минуле сторя lif...Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  52. history—Попередня сторя напр. стану системи...Англо-український словник технічних термінів
  53. history—попередня сторя напр. стану системиархв сторя...Англо-український словник технічних термінів II
  54. history—сторя сукупнсть наявних фактв history of crimehistory of criminalityhistory of delinquencyhistory of jurisprudencehistory of law...Англо-український юридичний словник
  55. history—n infml Shes just history. Were through Она уже пройденный этап. Мы с ней завязали Dont make a move! If this goes off youre history Не шевелись. Если это ружье выстрели...Новый англо-русский словарь современной разговорной лексики
  56. history—[hstr] n. история последовательность событий прошлоеto make history делать творить историюhistory repeats itself история повторяетсяthe history of the case история это...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  57. history—history [hstr] ni . история последовательность событийi прошлое to make делать творить историю repeats itself история повторяется the of the case история этого дела...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  58. history—hstr n . история последовательность событийem прошлое to make делать творить историю repeats itself история повторяется the of the case история этого дела a wom...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна
  59. history—History repeats itself История повторяется И Ничто не ново под луной H...Русско-английский словарь пословиц и поговорок