Historical Dictionary of Scandinavian Literature and Theater

REALISM

Realism: translation

Inspired by the French writers Honore de Balzac (17991850) and Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880), the literary style called realism was a major force in Scandinavian letters from around 1840 through the 1880s, but particularly in the 1870s. The term denotes an attempt to describe life as it is, without idealization or the subjectivity of theromantics, against whom the realists reacted. The best early example of realism in Scandinavian literature is arguably the novelDet gåran(1839; tr.Sara Videbeck, 1919;Why Not?, 1994) by the Swedish writerCarl Jonas Love Almqvist(1793-1866), which discusses the position ofwomenin the family and in society, one of the major topics of the realists. In NorwayCamilla Colletttreated a similar theme in her seminal novelAmtmandens Døttre(1854-1855; tr.The District Governor's Daughters, 1992). Also in Norway, the peasant stories ofBjørnstjerne Bjørnson(1832-1910) anticipated the prose writings of the 1870s through their use of everyday language.
Realism coexisted with late romantic idealism in Scandinavian literature throughout the 1840s, 1850s, and 1860s, but in 1871 the Danishcritic Georg Brandes(1842-1927) decisively called for a literary practice that would use literature to debate modern problems and issues. Most progressive writers in Scandinavia took up this challenge. Brandes s countrymanJens Peter Jacobsenproduced two realist novels that adhered to the new program,Fru Marie Grubbe(1876; tr.Marie Grubbe, 1917) andNiels Lyhne(1880; tr. 1919, 1990), while the Swedish writerAugust Strindberg(1849-1912) wrote a great novel,Roda rummet(1879; tr.The Red Room, 1967), which offers a panoramic view of life in Stockholm.
Brandes's influence was at least as great in Norwegian literature.Many of the plays ofHenrik Ibsen(1828-1906) from the 1870s and early 1880s come to mind, for example,Samfundets støtter(1877; tr.The Pillars of Society, 1888) andEt dukkehjem(1879; tr.A Doll's House, 1880), which deal with such favorite realist topics as corruption, the role of women, and outmoded ideas. Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson vigorously advocated for Brandes's view of the purpose of literature and practiced it in his playsEn fallit(1875; tr.The Bankrupt, 1914),Redaktøren(1875; tr.The Editor, 1914), andKongen(1877; tr.The King, 1914). The novelistJonas LiewroteTremasteren "Fremtiden" (1872; tr.The Barque"Future," 1879), Norway's first novel about business matters, and laterFamiljen paa Gilje(1883; tr.The Family at Gilje, 1920), which is set in the 1840s and debates the right of women to make their own life choices.
Elements of realism have persisted in Scandinavian literature up to the 21st century.
See alsoAho, Juhani; Bregendahl, Marie; Blicher, Steen Steensen; Branner, Hans Christian; Ekman, Kerstin; Faldbakken, Knut; Heinesen, William; Høeg, Peter; Hoel, Sigurd; Hoem, Edvard; Jæger, Frank; Jakobsdottir, Svava; Kyrklund, Willy; Lagerkvist, Pär; Lehtonen, Joel; Madsen, Svend Age; Møller, Poul Martin; Nexø, Martin Andersen; Noren, Lars; Solstad, Dag; Stangerup, Henrik; Svendsen, Hanne Marie; Thorup, Kirsten; Undset, Sigrid; Vesaas, Tarjei; Winther, Christian.

  1. realism—realism translation nounADJECTIVE political gritty stark the stark realismu of Loachs films literary magic magical psychological social socialist all literature ...Collocations dictionary
  2. realism—REALISM translation Shajitsu shugi realism is the Japanese literary and artistic term used to describe the depiction of reality without interpretation or exaggeration in ...Japanese literature and theater
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  4. realism—realism translation...Philosophy dictionary
  5. realism—Realism translation This term describes a production approach in which the theatre attempts to represent everyday life and characters as they are or appear to be. Fidelit...The Historical Dictionary of the American Theater
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  7. realism—mailers...Английские анаграммы
  8. realism—[rlzm]реализм...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  9. realism—реализм...Англо-русский научно-технический словарь
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  11. realism—реализм...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  12. realism—n реализм...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  13. realism—realism [rlzm] nu реализм...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  14. realism—сущ. реализм The sound effects lend realism to the scene. Звуковые эффекты прибавляют сцене реализма. magic realism амер. волшебный реализм направление в американской ж...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  15. realism—n .strong реализм философское направление признающее реальность вне сознания .strong практицизм прагматизм .strong правдоподобие натурализм .strong по Э. Дюркгеймуem мет...Англо-русский словарь по социологии
  16. realism—nреализм полит. жарг.u реализм концепция согласно которой главным предметом политической науки является власть а второстепенными идеология права человека всевозможные до...Англо-русский словарь политической терминологии
  17. realism—n. реализм...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  18. realism—сущ.emstrong реализм философское направление признающее реальность вне сознания практицизм прагматизм правдоподобие натурализм по Э. Дюркгейму методологический подход со...Англо-русский социологический словарь
  19. realism—реализм...Англо-русский технический словарь
  20. realism—сущ.а фил. онтологическое утверждение о существовании объектов материального мира вне зависимости от человеческого сознания и восприятия б фил. предположение о существова...Англо-русский экономический словарь
  21. realism—n...Англо-украинский словарь
  22. realism—n реалзм critical критичний реалзм...Англо-український дипломатичний словник
  23. realism—реалзм матералзм...Англо-український словник
  24. realism—n реалзм....Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  25. realism—[rlzm] n. филос. реализм тж. logical realism материализм тж. epistemological realism научный взгляд научное отношение. практицизм прагматизм реалистический взгляд на вещ...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  26. realism—realism [rlzm] ni . филос. i реализм тж. ilogical материализм тж. iepistemological научный взгляд научное отношение . практицизм прагматизм реалистический взгляд на ...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  27. realism—rlzm n . филос. реализм тж. emlogical материализм тж. emepistemological научный взгляд научное отношение . практицизм прагматизм реалистический взгляд на вещи hi...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна
  28. realism—s.n. реализм т. realism critic критический реализм....Румынско-русский словарь
  29. realism—realism.strong реализмrealism.strong направление в искусстве...Шведско-русский словарь
  30. realism—Реалзм...Шведсько-український словник
  31. realism—Реализм...Эстонско-русский словарь