Historical Dictionary of Israel

ECONOMY

Economy: translation

Israel's economy has made impressive progress, and the economic well-being of its people has improved significantly since independence, when Israel was a poor country with weakagriculturalandindustrialsectors and a dependence on imported consumer goods, raw materials, and food. Economic growth was stimulated by a massive influx of immigrants (seeALIYA) and large governmental and private capital flows from abroad. Although virtually bereft of natural resources and faced with substantial burdens of immigrant absorption and defense, Israel had become an economic power by regional standards by the beginning of the 21st century (with a gross domestic product [GDP] of more than $12 billion), and its people generally had become prosperous (with more than $24,000 per capita GDP in 2005). Life expectancy is among the highest in the world, Israel has maintained a substantial level of social services for its population, and its gross national product had made dramatic progress. Nevertheless, Israel's economy remains dependent on foreign assistance and is burdened with an extraordinarily heavy debt-repayment responsibility.
Israel's economy grew rapidly after independence. Between 1950 and 1972, the country maintained a real economic output rate of nearly 10 percent per year, and its output per worker nearly tripled. This was accompanied by significant increases in the standard of living. Inflation became a problem as the economy reached double-digit inflation in the early 1970s and triple-digit inflation (more than 400 percent) by the 1984 election (seeKNESSET ELECTIONS). It was subsequently brought down to some 15 percent by 1987 through the efforts of the 1984-88Government of National Unity. Balance of payments problems also marked the economy in the 1980s.
Israel lacks substantial natural resources — it has limited amounts of various chemicals, such as potash and phosphates, and water supplies—but this has been offset by the unusually valuable asset Israel has in its human resources.Massive immigration created problems in Israel's early years, but it also endowed Israel with a motivated and skilled labor force. Israel has developed its own highly regardededucationalandscientificestablishment. Illiteracy is virtually nonexistent, and Israel's population is one of the most highly educated in the world. It is in the forefront of scientific accomplishment in fields such as irrigation and water usage, energy technology, and medical-scientific research.
Israel's only significant domestic energy source is solar power; it has no coal or hydroelectric power potential and possesses very little oil and natural gas. Energy requirements are met largely by crude oil and coal imports, and nuclear power is under study.
Israel has lacked the capital necessary for its economy to function efficiently, and since 1948, it has relied heavily on foreign capital inflows to finance the economy and for current expenditures. External sources have included loans, grants, contributions, outside investments, government aid from theUnited States, the sale of Israel bonds,Germanreparations and restitution payments, and donations fromDiasporaJewish communities. These sources have permitted Israel to pursue a policy of rapid economic and demographic expansion.
The country's economy today has reached a significant level of accomplishment. It has returned to the robust economic expansion that characterized Israel before the recession of the early years of the 21st century coinciding with the start of theAl-Aksa intifada. Beginning in 2004, the effects of the intifada seemed to have worn off, and foreign investors and businessmen recognized the long-term resilience of the Israeli economy despite the absence of peace and continuingterroristattacks. The integration of the Israeli economy with the global economy continued with imports at the rate of 40 percent of GDP and exports at more than 35 percent in 2005. Israel's economic growth for 2005 was the highest in the Western world. GDP rose by 5.2 percent, and per capita income jumped by 3.3 percent.
Other statistics showed similar economic strength. Although it suffered significant temporary disruption (especially in the northern sector) as a result of theSecond Lebanon War(2006), the fundamentals of Israel's economy remained remarkably strong, stable, and durable, leading major investment analysts to predict sustained growth and integration with the globalized economic system.
See alsoBuffett, Warren E.; Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI); Koor Industries.

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  12. economy—economy translationSynonyms and related wordsGNP barter economy brevity briefness budget capitalistic economy carefulness cheap cheeseparing collectivized economy compact...Moby Thesaurus
  13. economy—экономика экономия city fuel economy fuel economy...Англо-русский автомобильный словарь
  14. economy—[knm]хозяйство экономика народное хозяйствобережливость расчет расчетливость экономиясэкономленное сбереженияорганизация строение структура устройство система...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  15. economy—. экономика хозяйство. . бережливость расчет экономия расчетливость...Англо-русский вспомогательный словарь
  16. economy—.strong хозяйство water economy...Англо-русский гидрогеологический словарь
  17. economy—transcription транскрипция [ iknm ] хозяйство народное хозяйство экономика экономия бережливость меры экономии сбережения экономичность страна economy class e...Англо-русский деловой словарь
  18. economy—хозяйство экономика экономия бережливость часто pl сэкономленное сбережения структура организация...Англо-русский дополнительный словарь
  19. economy—Расчетливость...Англо-русский морской словарь
  20. economy—экономика народное хозяйство экономическая система экономический строй бережливость расчтливость экономия выгодность экономичность сбережение экономичный economy in...Англо-русский научно-технический словарь
  21. economy—экономия...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  22. economy—экономия...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  23. economy—n народное хозяйство хозяйство экономика...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  24. economy—economy [knm] nu хозяйство экономика экономия бережливость частоem plu сэкономленное сбереженияlittle economies маленькие сбережения структура организация...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  25. economy—сущ. хозяйство экономика народное хозяйство market economy рыночная экономика national economy народное хозяйство национальная экономика peacetime economy экономика м...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  26. economy—n .strong хозяйство экономикаeconomy absolute абсолютная экономияeconomy actual фактическая экономикаeconomy farming фермерское хозяйствоeconomy khutor хуторское хозя...Англо-русский словарь по социологии
  27. economy—strong экономика народное хозяйствоstrong plem экономия бережливость экономия как область знания economies in constant capital economies in labor economies in the means o...Англо-русский словарь по экономике
  28. economy—n экономика хозяйство экономия бережливость to afflict the worlds economy отрицательно влиять на мировую экономикуto animate the economy оживлять экономикуto apply the...Англо-русский словарь политической терминологии
  29. economy—n. хозяйство экономика экономия сбережения сэкономленное структура организация...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  30. economy—.strong экономия .strong экономика хозяйство economy of fabrication energy economy heat economystrongАнглорусский строительный словарь. М. Русский Язык.С.Н.Корчемкина С....Англо-русский словарь строительных терминов
  31. economy—хозяйство народное хозяйство экономика экономия бережливость меры экономии сбережения экономичность страна economy class economy in capital charges economys...Англо-русский словарь финансовых терминов
  32. economy—iknmхозяйство народное хозяйство экономика экономия бережливость страна меры экономии сбережения экономичность...Англо-русский словарь экономических терминов
  33. economy—сущ.emstrong хозяйство экономика absolute economy[m] actual economy[m] farming economy[m] khutor economy[m] national economy[m] planned economy[m] relative economy[m] rur...Англо-русский социологический словарь
  34. economy—хозяйство выгадывание выгодность сбережение экономичность экономность экономия бережливость расчетливость economy car expanding economy fuel economy national economy plan...Англо-русский технический словарь
  35. economy—автоu economyэкономичный режим работы...Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический словарь И. Мостицкого
  36. economy—сущ. эк. экономика хозяйствоnational economy народное хозяйство национальная экономикаshaky economy нестабильная экономикаsound economy стабильная экономикаadvanced ec...Англо-русский экономический словарь
  37. economy—licit economy shadow economy...Англо-русский юридический словарь
  38. economy—n господарствоnational economy народне господарство економка краниpolitical economy полтична економя ощадливсть економнстьlittle economies маленьк заощадження структур...Англо-украинский словарь
  39. economy—n . господарство економка . економя бережливсть nonmarket неринкова економка political полтична економя rural сльське господарство економка сльського господарства...Англо-український дипломатичний словник
  40. economy—хазяйство структура ощадливсть господарство...Англо-український словник
  41. economy—n господарство економка national народне господарство економка крани political полтична економя rural сльське господарство економка сльського господарства ощадливсть...Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  42. economy—ек. . економка народне господарство господарство . економя ощадливсть ощаднсть економнсть . сфера суспльних вдносин виробництва обмну споживання результатв людсько дяльн...Англо-український тлумачний словник економічної лексики
  43. economy—.strong [knm] n. хозяйство экономикаpolitical economy политическая экономияnational economy народное хозяйство национальная экономикаrural economy сельское хозяйство э...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  44. economy—economy . [knm] ni . хозяйство экономика political политическая экономия national народное хозяйство национальная экономика rural сельское хозяйство экономика сельс...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  45. economy—economy . [knm] ni . хозяйство экономика political политическая экономия national народное хозяйство национальная экономика rural сельское хозяйство экономика сельс...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  46. economy—.strong knm n . хозяйство экономика political политическая экономия national народное хозяйство национальная экономика rural сельское хозяйство экономика сельско...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна
  47. economy—.strong knm n . хозяйство экономика political политическая экономия national народное хозяйство национальная экономика rural сельское хозяйство экономика сельско...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна