Encyclopedia of medieval literature

DANIEL

Daniel: translation

(eighth–ninth century)
Danielis an OLD ENGLISH alliterative poem of 764 lines appearing in the Bodleian Library’s JUNIUS MANUSCRIPT. The poem is based mainly on the Vulgate version of the Old Testament book of Daniel, chapters 1 through 5. But far from being a simple paraphrase, the Old ENGLISH text is unified by its homiletic tone and the theme of pride and its accompanying fall, interpreted as the working out of divine retribution.
The poem begins with a description of the prosperity the Jews experienced for as long as they followed God’s law and the destruction and captivity they were faced with when they turned from God. This introduction presages the hard-hearted pride of Nebuchadnezzar, who falls ignominiously when he will not acknowledge God even after witnessing the miracle of the three youths in the furnace. The poem climaxes with the feast of Belshazzar and his prideful insolence in profaning the holy vessels of the Jews, ensuring his own fall. But the chief focus of the poem (for most of the first 485 lines) is the story of the youths Hannaniah, Azariah, and Mishael and their miraculous salvation from the furnace. Daniel himself does not appear until after Nebuchadnezzar’s first dream, and he does not assume a major role as seer and prophet until after Nebuchadnezzar’s second dream.After Belshazzar’s feast, Daniel begins to interpret the writing on the wall, but the poem breaks off abruptly. Clearly the poem is unfinished as we have it, but it is likely that the completed poem would have depicted the downfall and death of Belshazzar, since that would have fittingly paralleled the other two downfalls in the poem. It is unlikely that the poem was ever intended to include any version of the second, apocalyptic half of the biblical book of Daniel.
A difficult structural problem in the poem is caused by two lyrical passages—the prayer of Azariah and the song of the three youths (lines 279–439).For one thing, Azariah’s prayer for deliverance appears after that deliverance has already occurred in the poem. Second, that deliverance is narrated twice. And finally, the prayer of Azariah, along with another longer version of the song of the three youths, occurs independent of this text in another Old English manuscript, the EXETER BOOK. Scholars generally agree that the passage in question was interpolated into the original text ofDaniel, though it is possible to read the prayer as a communal prayer for the deliverance of the Hebrew people. But the precise relationship between this passage and the independent poem in the Exeter Book is complex and uncertain. It is unclear which may have borrowed from which, whether both are by the same poet or whether there was some collaboration between two writers. The coincidental survival of both poems in different manuscripts may result from the popularity in the liturgy of the two biblical passages from which these two lyrics derive. The date ofDaniel’scomposition is also uncertain. Malcolm Godden notes the poem’s “pervading sense of human vulnerability,” underscored by the false security of the walled cities of Jerusalem and Babylon, neither of which can stave off disaster when it comes (Godden 1991, 224). Uncertainty and the constant danger of heathen attack would make the poem relevant at nearly any time during dangers of Viking intrusion.
Bibliography
■ Godden,Malcolm. “Biblical Literature: The Old Testament.” InThe Cambridge Companion to Old English Literature, edited by Malcolm Godden and Michael Lapidge, 206–226. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
■ Greenfield, Stanley B., and Daniel G. Calder.A New Critical History of Old English Literature. New York: New York University Press, 1986.
■ Krapp, George Philip.The Junius Manuscript. Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records, I.New York: Columbia University Press, 1931.

  1. daniel—Daniel translation Daniel The hero and traditional author of the book which bears his name dd Catholic Encyclopedia.Kevin Knight Daniel Daniel Catholic_Encyclopediau ...Catholic encyclopedia
  2. daniel—Daniel bersetzungbiblischer Name hebrischen Ursprungs Bedeutung Gott ist mein Richter. In der Bibel ist Daniel einer der vier groen Propheten des Alten Testaments. Ein ze...Deutsch namen
  3. daniel—Daniel translationfl. thth century BCE He was a Judean exile in Babylon. Several miraculous experiences occurred to him and his friends at the courts of Nebuchadnezzar Da...Dictionary of Jewish Biography
  4. daniel—Daniel translation God is my judge or judge of God. Davids second son born unto him in Hebron of Abigail the Carmelitess Chr. . He is called also Chileab Sam. . One o...Easton's Bible Dictionary
  5. daniel—Daniel translation Daniel mu Jewishu Englishu Frenchu Germanu Polishu and Czechu biblical name meaning God is my judge in Hebrewu borne by the prophet whose story is tol...First names dictionary
  6. daniel—Daniel translationDaniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel...The King James version of the Bible
  7. daniel—Daniel bersetzung Dauniel Hauptgestalt des alttestamentlichen DanielBuches das nach jdischer und christlicher Tradition vom weisen Daniel bereits in Ugarit im AkatEpos ...Universal-Lexicon
  8. daniel—Daniel bersetzungaus dem gleich lautenden Rufnamen hebrischen Ursprungs Gott richtetem entstandener Familienname. Daniel fand als Name des alttestamentlichen Propheten Ei...Wörterbuch der deutschen familiennamen
  9. daniel—nailed denial...Английские анаграммы
  10. daniel—[dnjl]Дэниел Даниил...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  11. daniel—даниил даниэль дэниел...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  12. daniel—n праведный судья...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  13. daniel—Daniel noun Дэниел bibl. Даниил...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  14. daniel—Daniel Дэниел библ. Даниил...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  15. daniel—сущ. Дэниел Даниэль мужское имя библ. Даниил библейский пророк один из т.н. малых пророков Ветхого Завета...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  16. daniel—n. Даниил...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  17. daniel—имя собств.Дэниел библ.u Даниил...Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический словарь И. Мостицкого
  18. daniel—n ч. мя Данель Денел ббл. Данил....Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  19. daniel—mДаниэль Даниил...Большой испанско-русский словарь
  20. dániel—[\Dnielt \Dnielje] Даниил Данила h....Венгерско-русский словарь
  21. daniel—Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel Daniel...Канонический английский перевод Библии
  22. daniel—[dnjl] n. Дэниел Даниел Даниэль мужское имя. библ. Даниил праведный судьяDaniel come to judgement нелицеприятный праведный судья тж. ирон....Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  23. daniel—Daniel [dnjl] ni . Дэниел Даниел Даниэль мужское имяi . библ. iДаниил праведный судья come to judgement нелицеприятный праведный судья тж. ирон.i...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  24. daniel—dnjl n . Дэниел Даниел Даниэль мужское имяem . библ. emДаниил праведный судья come to judgement нелицеприятный праведный судья тж. ирон....Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна
  25. daniel—зоол.em лань em...Польско-русский словарь
  26. daniel—a m чубарий олень...Польсько-український словник (М. Юрковський, В. Назарук)
  27. daniel—Rzeczownik daniel m Biologiczny лань f...Универсальный польско-русский словарь
  28. daniel—Rzeczownik daniel m Biologiczny лань f Daniel Даниэль...Универсальный польско-русский словарь