GILLETTE, WILLIAM

(1853-1937)

One of the major stage stars of the late 19th century, William Gillette, a native of Hartford, Connecticut, was the son of a U.S. senator and received his education at Yale University, Harvard University, and the Massachusetts Fine Arts Institute before making his stage debut inFaint Heart Ne'er Won Fair Ladyin 1875. He played secondary roles in several productions at the Boston Museum. He made his New York debut in George Densmore'sThe Gilded Age(1877). While Gillette toured inBronsonHoward'sYoung Mrs. Winthrop, he began to write plays as vehicles for himself, notablyThe Professor(1881) andDigby's Secretary(1884).His other early plays includeEsmeralda(1881), which he adapted withFrances Hodgson Burnett,Held by the Enemy(1886),She(1887),All the Comforts of Home(1890),Mr. Wilkinson's Widows(1891), andSettled Out of Court(1892).

Gillette's dual careers peaked withToo Much Johnson(1894),Secret Service(1896), and his major triumph inSherlock Holmes(1899), amelodramaadapted from Arthur Conan Doyle's stories of the fictional Victorian detective. Gillette was admired as a more natural actor than many of his contemporaries, and in 1913 he published his lecture "The Illusion of the First Time in Acting." Gillette's later plays, includingClarice(1905) andElectricity(1910), were mildly successful, but after 1900 he was preferred in plays by others, includingJ. M. Barrie'sThe Admirable Crichton(1903) andDear Brutus(1918). The exception was Sherlock Holmes, a character Gillette frequently performed on stage and in motion pictures (1916), reviving the play in New York for the last time in 1931 at the age of 76. Gillette is believed to have given over 1,300 performances in the part. Like many of his star contemporaries, Gillette was both blessed and cursed by finding that one iconic role.

See alsoDoro, Marie.