BARCLAY, ALEXANDER

Alexander Barclay was a humanist, a priest, a poet, and a translator. Tradition holds that he was born in Scotland, although scholars propose either Glouces­tershire or Lincoln. He was ordained in Exeter as deacon and priest in 1508. During this period he resided at the College of St. Mary, Ottery. By 1515 Barclay had taken vows at the Benedictine monastery of Ely. Barclay offers topical allusions to this monastery in hisShip of Foolsand in his eclogues.

Barclay's continued project of translating and publishing the works of con­tinental humanists remains his most important work. He is especially known for his translation ofDas Narrenschiff, written by Sebastian Brant and translated into Latin by Jakob Locher. Barclay's version,The Ship of Fools, was first printed in 1509. His eclogues, based on those by Baptista Spagnoli of Mantua and by Aeneas Silvius (later Pope Pius II) were first published in 1518. Other translations include The Castle of Labor (1505), from Pierre Gringore'sLe chas-teau de labour; The Life of St. George(1515), from Baptista Spagnoli of Man­tua'sGeorgius; The Mirror of Good Manners(1518), from Dominicus Mancinus'sLibellus de quattuor virtutibus; andThe Battle of Jurgith(1522), from Sallust'sBellum Jugurthinum. Barclay published instructions for writing and speaking French (1521) and, according to John Bale's*Catalogus, wrote or translated lives of St. Catherine, St. Margaret, and St. Ethelreda, all of which have been lost.

W. Nelson, "Introduction," in The Life of St. George, by A. Barclay, 1955.