Historical dictionary of Weimar Republik

MUSIC

Music: translation

The Weimar era was especially rich in musical performance and ex-perimentation. In chamber music, musical theater,* opera proper, music festi-vals, symphonic concerts, and cabaret* productions, Weimar sustained a lush tapestry of offerings. In his cultural history, Walter Laqueur described the era's musical life: "Germany was the country of the leading conductors, the finest orchestras and soloists; its schools provided the most progressive musical edu-cation, and the general level of musical appreciation was of the very highest. Berlin s* 1929Festwoche(festival week) gives evidence of the splendid range of offerings: Erich Kleiber* directedDie Meistersingerat theStaatsoperon Unter den Linden;Das RheingoldandDie Walkurewere offered under the direction of Leo Blech;Der RosenkavalierandSalomewere directed by their composer, Richard Strauss*; Kleiber conductedDon Pasquale; Bruno Walter* conductedDas Lied von der Erdeat the City Opera;The Marriage of Figarowas directed by Wilhelm Furtwangler*; Georg Szell conducted Giordano'sAn-drea Chenier; bothThe Flying Dutchmanand Paul Hindemith's*Neues von Tagewere offered by Otto Klemperer* at the Kroll Opera; and Arturo Toscanini directedRigoletto,Lucia di Lammermoor,Manon Lescaut, andAida. In addi-tion, symphonic concerts were led by Toscanini and Igor Stravinsky, Georg Schumann conducted a performance of Bach s B-minor Mass, and chamber music was offered with Pablo Casals. Although Berlin was a musical mecca— the city, supporting three opera houses, provided lavish possibilities throughout the year—abundant symphonic and operatic offerings were also at hand in Ba-den-Baden, Bayreuth, Breslau, Cologne, Dresden, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Ham-burg, Hanover, Konigsberg, Leipzig, Munich, and Stuttgart.
Music composition provoked turmoil during the Weimar years, due largely to two overlapping generations.The romantic tradition survived in the work of Strauss, who even before the war had abandoned his early experimentation in favor of tranquil creativity (e.g.,Der Rosenkavalier). Hans Pfitzner* was also an exponent of prewar romanticism. The rich harmonies of Strauss or Pfitzner (e.g.,Palestrina) differed from the sound of Ferruccio Busoni,* whose neoro-manticism sometimes lapsed into the experimental. Busoni s successor in 1925 at the Prussian Academy of Arts was Arnold Schoenberg.* But while Schoen-berg s twelve-tone composition sparked controversy, his work was almost totally rejected at the time. Instead, the preferred avant-garde composer was Hindemith. Beginning with his 1923 adaptation of Rainer Maria Rilke sMarienleben, Hin-demith s work adopted features of traditional tonality. Kurt Weill,* one of Bu-soni's students, wrote his celebrated compositions during 1927-1933 (TheThreepenny Opera,Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny, andThe Seven Deadly Sins). Working with Bertolt Brecht,* he directed his snappy songs, which drew on jazz and street ballad, toward a mass audience; they thus became part of popular culture.
In the area of popular culture, cabaret flourished during the Republic. But although music, mainly songs or chansons, was important to cabaret, social satire was at its heart. The concept of "applied music" orGebrauchsmusik, analogous to the concept of applied arts as exemplified by the Bauhaus,* also prospered in the mid-1920s. With roots in theSingmusikandSpielmusikof the early youth movement,Gebrauchsmusikwas integral to the light opera of Hindemith and Weill. Under the NSDAP it deteriorated into the ceremonial folk opera per-formed at numerous spectacles.
Despite the enmity of antimodernists and nationalists (seeKulturbolschewis-mus), the Republic s musical life was receptive and outward looking. In Berlin, where radio sustained experimentation, Alban Berg sWozzeckwas performed in 1925, Darius Milhaud sChristophe Colombin 1930, and Stravinsky s Violin Concerto in 1931. The new music was promoted in almost every German city, from the opera house in Frankfurt to the annual music festivals in Donaues-chingen. But since most of it failed to fit the NSDAP's definition of "German-ness, it was banned after January 1933 asentartete Musik(degenerate music).
REFERENCES:Gilliam,Music and Performance; Laqueur,Weimar;New Grove, vol. 7, "Germany ; Roseberry, "Into the Twentieth Century ; Russell,Erich Kleiber.

  1. music—Music translation No textual information has survived on ancient Egyptian music but original instruments have been recovered and musical instruments are depicted on tomb ...Ancient Egypt
  2. music—music translation noun strong arrangement of sounds for singingplayingADJECTIVE beautiful fine good great wonderful loud quiet soft sweet The soft background music...Collocations dictionary
  3. music—music translationSee FACE THE MUSIC....Dictionary of American idioms
  4. music—Music translationburn and returnconscientious rapcuckoo eggdashboard drumfan editiPod halo effectLas Vegas voicelip dubManilow methodmusic service providerNapster bombpla...Dictionary of new words
  5. music—Music translation Jubal was the inventor of musical instruments Gen. . The Hebrews were much given to the cultivation of music. Their whole history and literature afford ...Easton's Bible Dictionary
  6. music—music translation Seeem hymnsmusic....Encyclopedia of Protestantism
  7. music—Music translation Music was heard in the Cathdrale des SaintsMicheletGudulestrong as early as . Beginning in the church installed a singing master who oversaw production...Historical Dictionary of Brussels
  8. music—Music translation In addition to the making of rhythmicstrong sound aided by drumsstrong rattles bells and other instruments shamans in many cultures sing or chantstrong ...Historical dictionary of shamanism
  9. music—Music translation Kurdish music is monophonic and modal maqamem in Kurdish. It is also heterophonic because multiple instruments with varying pitch range color and orname...Historical Dictionary of the Kurds
  10. music—Music translation See Classical music Jazz music Organ music Pop music....Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands
  11. music—Music translation Russias diverse ethnic composition accounts for the countrys complex multifaceted music scene. Ethnic Russianstrong music is closely tied with rural lif...Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation
  12. music—music translationSynonyms and related wordsApollo Apollo Musagetes Erato Euterpe Orpheus Pierides Polyhymnia Polymnia Terpsichore arrangement babel clamor copy din draft ...Moby Thesaurus
  13. music—music translation During the heyday of touring companies most opera housesstrong maintained their own orchestras to perform incidental music during the action of the play...The Historical Dictionary of the American Theater
  14. music—[mjuzk]музыка музыкальное произведениемузыкальное сопровождениенотымузыкальность...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  15. music—музыка музыкальное произведение музыкальные произведения ноты оркестр хор музыкальный...Англо-русский дополнительный словарь
  16. music—музыка...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  17. music—музыка...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  18. music—Music музыка музыкальный...Англо-русский словарь компьютерных терминов II
  19. music—n музыка...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  20. music—music [mjuzk] nu музыкаto music под музыку музыкальное произведение музыкальные произведения нотыhe plays without music он играет без нот уст.u оркестр хор...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  21. music—сущ. а музыка музыкальное произведение to compose write music сочинять музыку писать музыку to perform play music исполнять музыку to set smth. to music перелагать чт...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  22. music—музыка музыкальный...Англо-русский словарь по компьютерам
  23. music—double music sheet music...Англо-русский словарь по полиграфии
  24. music—nмузыка Г. Зиммель У. Томас М. Вебер считали музыку важнейшим аспектом социальной жизни и рассматривали е какstrong . средство межличностной коммуникации. проявление колл...Англо-русский словарь по социологии
  25. music—музыка electronic music...Англо-русский словарь по телекоммуникациям
  26. music—n. музыка ноты оркестр хор музыкальное произведение...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  27. music—Maryland University Sectored Isochronous Cyclotron секторный изохронный циклотрон университета штата Мэриленд...Англо-русский словарь технических аббревиатур
  28. music—сущ.emмузыка Г. Зиммель У. Томас М. Вебер считали музыку важнейшим аспектом социальной жизни и рассматривали е как . средство межличностной коммуникации проявление коллек...Англо-русский социологический словарь
  29. music—n музикаto music пд музику нотиhe plays without music вн гра без нот музичний твр...Англо-украинский словарь
  30. music—музики хор ноти музика...Англо-український словник
  31. music—n музика set to покладений на музику музичний твр ноти to play without грати без нот спв птахв шелест листя дзюрчання струмка заст. оркестр хор музичний нструмент...Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  32. music—[mjuzk] n. музыкаto music под музыкуset to music положенный на музыкуwhat she said was music to my ears е речи слова звучали для меня как музыка. музыкальное произвед...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  33. music—music [mjuzk] ni . музыка to под музыку set to положенный на музыку what she said was to my ears е речи слова звучали для меня как музыка . музыкальное произведени...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  34. music—mjuzk n . музыка to под музыку set to положенный на музыку what she said was to my ears е речи слова звучали для меня как музыка . музыкальное произведение муз...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна