KÖRTNER, FRITZ

born Nathan Kohn (1892-1970)

actor, director, and writer; helped design Berlin's*Tribune Theaterin 1919. Born in Vienna, he attended that city's acting conservatory to study with Ferdinand Gregori. He was appointed stage manager at Mannheim'sStadttheaterin 1910 and went to Berlin in 1911 to study under Max Reinhardt.* After he obtained contracts with several stages, Erich Zeigel engaged him in 1917 with the Hamburg Chamber Players; while in Hamburg he formed a lifelong friendship with director Erich Engel.* He returned to Berlin, where his breakthrough came in 1919 as the soldier in Ernst Toller's* Expressionist playDie Wandlung(The transformation).Opening at theTribune Theaterin September, it ran for 115 performances and established Kortner's career. He thereafter acted under Leopold Jessner* at theStaatstheaterand then joined Berthold Viertel'sTruppein 1923. Among his memorable early performances was a portrayal of the malicious Gessler in Jessner's 1919 pro-duction of Schiller'sWilhelm Tell.

Ranked with Werner Krauss* as Germany's preeminent Expressionist actor, Kortner broke with the movement around 1922 and gained a solid reputation for performances spanning a repertoire from Shakespeare to Bertolt Brecht.* Already appearing in Brecht's plays by 1923, he made up for a braying voice and unattractive face with intelligence, an ability with dialects, and exceptional empathy for his characters. Engel cast him in title roles in his 1924 production ofDanton's Deathand his 1925Coriolanus. He was a sympathetic Shylock in Jürgen Fehling's*Kaufmann von Venedia(Merchant of Venice, 1927); back at theStaatstheater, he appeared in Jessner's 1928 production ofDon Carlos. Brecht counted him among his best actors. Having starred in Jessner's 1926 stage playLulu, he had the same role in G. W. Pabst's* 1929 film*Buchse der Pandora(Pandora's box). His other films includedBruder Karamosoff(Brothers Karamazov, 1920),Katherina die Grosse(Catharine the Great, 1920),Maria Stuart(Mary Stuart, 1927),Dreyfus(1930), andDanton(1931).

Kortner emigrated in 1933, going first to England and then to the United States. Hollywood cast him inAbdul the Damned(1935),The Hitler Gang(1944), andThe Razor's Edge(1946). When he returned to Munich after World War II, he acted and directed both on stage and for film and television.