Historical dictionary of Weimar Republik

BERLIN

Berlin: translation

In the mid-nineteenth century Heinrich Heine referred to Berlin as "that mixture of white beer, mendacity, and Brandenburg sand. Berlin was never the liveliest German city, and it was a surprise when it became the epitome of modernism in the 1920s. Even during its decades as the Kaiserreich s capital, it was characterized by many as a garrison town. The condescension ended in the 1920s. Whether one viewed the bustle of Potsdamer Platz, the flashy shops and cafes of the Kurfürstendamm, the elegant villas along Lützow Ufer, or the government district east of the Tiergarten, the image was that of Germany s, even Europe s, most exciting city. Greater Berlin was created by a law of 27 April 1920 amalgamating eight municipal districts, flfty-flve suburban districts, and twenty-three estates in an effort to eliminate the social and economic dif-ferences separating the city s poor eastern boroughs from its wealthier western municipalities. With four million people, it was the world s third-largest city and a magnet to all who wished to live "on the outer edge."
Yet Berlin's glamour and intellectual vitality, and its illusion of power, were misleading on several levels. Lacking a common denominator, the city was not simply the exciting focal point of theater,* music,* film,* and art; it was a microcosm for all the tortuous problems facing the Republic. When things went wrong, as they did in the 1920s, Berlin was the scapegoat for Germany s na-tional grievances. After Philipp Scheidemann* proclaimed "the German Repub-lic, Friedrich Ebert* found it necessary to secure his regime by forming Freikorps* units to counter leftist revolts in Berlin s streets. The resulting tumult forced the pristine National Assembly* to desert the capital for Weimar. But the deadly clashes that marked the spring of 1919 (approximately 1,200 people, many of them innocent bystanders, were slain in March) simply initiated a string of crises. March 1920 witnessed the rightist Kapp* Putsch, and from war s end through the numbing inflation,* the typical Berliner lived with hunger and soup kitchens (first appearing in the "Turnip Winter" of 1916-1917).Strikes, po-litical murders (e.g., of Walther Rathenau*), corruption trials (one ended the career of greater Berlin's firstOberburgermeister, Gustav Boss*), suicides, bankruptcies, a high level of endemic crime, and, in the Republic's final years, bloody battles between Nazis and Communists all marked Berlin s landscape during the years when Germany s capital grew famous for its avant-garde the-ater, anarchist philosophers, seedy nightclubs, ingenious music, and perceptive newspapers.* Throughout, the elegance of Berlin's western sections—from the Tiergarten through Grunewald and Wannsee—was counterbalanced by the crime and poverty of Prenzlauer Berg and theScheunenviertel("barn quarter") of the city s northeast.
Such is the balanced image of a city that, upon the Hohenzollerns collapse, lost its moorings. The erstwhile garrison town, marked by the facades and stone magnificence of its former arrogance, served as a haven to all unwelcome else-where—and during the Republic, "elsewhere included Weimar, once home to Goethe and Schiller, and reactionary Munich, once raffish and bohemian. At social gatherings a reactionary Junker* might be seen standing by a socialist member of the Reichstag.* As Istvan Deak recorded, it meant little if one were an outsider or a newcomer to Berlin. Much of its culture was unimaginable without refugees from Russia or Hungary, exiles from Austria* and Poland,* and the curious from throughout the world. The mix inspired Alfred Döblin's*Berlin Alexanderplatz, Bertolt Brecht s*Die Dreigroschenoper, Fritz Lang s*Metropolis, the revues of the Metropol Theater, the satire of Kurt Tucholsky* and Walter Mehring,* the music of Arnold Schoenberg,* and the acting of Marlene Dietrich.* Many naively presumed that Berlin represented Germany; the Nazis laid bare the error of this judgment.
REFERENCES:Deak,Weimar Germany's Left-Wing Intellectuals; Otto Friedrich,Before the Deluge; Thomas Friedrich,Berlin between the Wars; Kiaulehn,Berlin; Liang,Berlin Police Force.

  1. berlin—Berlin translation Berlin Capital of the German Empire and of the Kingdom of Prussia dd Catholic Encyclopedia.Kevin Knight Berlin Berlin Catholic_Encyclopediau Berli...Catholic encyclopedia
  2. berlin—Berlin bersetzung die Hauptstadt des Knigreichs Preuen hat Wohnhuser und Einwohner Straen ffentliche Pltze Kirchen Brcken Fabriken Brunnen etc. Die merkwrdigsten ...Damen Conversations Lexikon
  3. berlin—Berlin bersetzung Berlin [bl] Substantif Berlin neutreem...Dictionnaire Francais-Allemand
  4. berlin—Berlin translation Berlin was the undisputed center of theater activity in Germany by surpassing Viennastrong as the Germanspeaking theaters preeminent city. The citys p...Historical dictionary of German Theatre
  5. berlin—Berlin bersetzung Bundeshauptstadt Spreeathen umgangssprachlich Hauptstadt von Deutschland Kitchener Hauptstadt von Deutschland u.u deutsches Bundesland. Istrong Berli...Universal-Lexicon
  6. berlin—Berlin bersetzung. Herkunftsnamen neben der deutschen Hauptstadt kommen noch andere gleich lautende Orte infrage z.B.Berlin in Holstein. Im alemannischen Raum ist eine Ab...Wörterbuch der deutschen familiennamen
  7. berlin—[bln bln]Берлинстаринный дорожный четырехколесный крытый экипажвязальная шерстьвязаные перчаткиберлин...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  8. berlin—берлин старинная дорожная карета...Англо-русский дополнительный словарь
  9. berlin—ковкое железо...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  10. berlin—ковкое железо...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  11. berlin—n Берлин...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  12. berlin—a берлинский...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  13. berlin—Berlin . noun старинная дорожная карета mot. берлин тип кузова .adj. Berlin iron Berlin wool...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  14. berlin—I [] сущ. геогр. Берлин столица Германии II [] сущ. старинный дорожный четырехколесный крытый экипаж вязальная шерсть Syn Berlin wool вязаные перчатки авто берлин тип...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  15. berlin—n. ковкое железо...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  16. berlin—n. Берлин [геогр.]...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  17. berlin—берлинский...Англо-русский технический словарь
  18. berlin—геогр. Germany Берлин Германия...Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический словарь И. Мостицкого
  19. berlin—берлн...Англо-український словник
  20. berlin—n геогр. н. м. Берлн старовинний дорожнй екпаж берлин авт. берлин тип кузова blue берлнська лазур....Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  21. berlín—Берли...Большой испанско-русский словарь
  22. berlin—n sБерлин город тж. округ в ГДР...Большой немецко-русский и русско-немецкий словарь
  23. berlin—Берлин...Большой французско-русский и русско-французский словарь
  24. berlin—Берлин м [\Berlint] fldr. Берлин\Berlin demokratikus vezete демократический сектор Берлина...Венгерско-русский словарь
  25. berlín—brlin f Berlnar г. Берлин...Исландско-русский словарь
  26. berlin—Берлин gyptisches Museum Alte Nationalgalerie Altes Museum Antikenmuseum BodeMuseum Galerie des .Jahrhunderts Galerie der Romantik Gemldegalerie Kupferstichkabinett Museu...Немецко-русский словарь по искусству
  27. berlin—[bln] n. геогр. г. Берлин. старинный дорожный экипаж. авт. кузов лимузин с внутренней перегородкой тж. Berline. тонкая вязальная шерсть. вязаные перчатки. танец типа поль...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  28. berlin—Berlin [bln] ni . геогр. iг.i Берлин . старинный дорожный экипаж . авт. iкузов лимузин с внутренней перегородкой тж. ie . тонкая вязальная шерсть . вязаные перчатки . тан...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  29. berlin—bln n . геогр. Берлин . старинный дорожный экипаж . авт. emкузов лимузин с внутренней перегородкой тж. eme . тонкая вязальная шерсть . вязаные перчатки . танец типа ...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна
  30. berlin—Берлин...Новый французско-русский словарь
  31. berlin—г. Берлин...Норвежско-русский словарь
  32. berlin—[берлн]...Польсько-український словник
  33. berlin—Rzeczownik Berlin Берлин...Универсальный польско-русский словарь
  34. berlin—avoir des nerfs Berlin см. avoir des nerfs...Французско-русский фразеологический словарь
  35. berlín—Берлин...Чешско-русский словарь