Historical dictionary of Weimar Republik

AUSTRIA

Austria: translation

German losses in consequence of the Versailles Treaty* amounted to 70,000 square kilometers, or 13 percent of the prewar Reich. While many
Germans rationalized the loss of Alsace-Lorraine,* they were surprised at the Allied veto ofAnschlusswith Austria. Germans argued that if the Allies "robbed" them of land on the basis of "self-determination," it was fitting that German Austria be allowed to join the Reich. With the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy, an event welcomed by many of Austria s German nationalists, Aus-trians of all backgrounds and political opinions were eager to unite with Ger-many; until 1933 Austria s Social Democrats were the most vocal adherents ofAnschluss.If successful, the result would consummate the oldGrossdeutschsolution rejected in the 1860s by Bismarck. But this equation seemed absurd to the war-weary Allies. After years of bloodshed, how could they sanction use of the peace process to aggrandize Germany? Indeed, some in Paris hoped to par-tition the Reich into the thirty-four independent states extant before 1864. Yet the decision to veto anAnschlussembittered Germans and made Austria, es-pecially in the early postwar years, a ward of the West. With its limited food supply and dependence on economic assistance, Austria faced the threat of civil war from its inception.
The issue ofAnschlussdid not die with the League of Nations veto. Gustav Stresemann* proclaimed it a future goal at the 1925 Locarno* deliberations, tying it again to the principle of self-determination. He secured a vibrant echo from Austria, where Hermann Neubacher'sÖsterreichisch-Deutscher Volksbund(Austrian-German People s League) organized multiparty support forAnschluss. Moreover, it became a major concern in March 1931 when Berlin* and Vienna announced their desire to establish a customs union. The brainchild of Bernhard von Bulow,* State Secretary in Germany's Foreign Office, the proposal had greater support in Austria than in Germany. Nevertheless, the reaction abroad differed little from that in 1919. Many Europeans, aware that Prussia s* nine-teenth-centuryZollvereinhad provided a basis for Bismarck s Reich, viewed a customs union as the prelude to political union. Since many Germans also knew this, it should have come as little shock when the Hague Tribunal vetoed the proposed union in September 1931. The judges surmised that such a union would violate the 1922 Geneva Protocol,* whereby Austria agreed to avoid economic agreements that might compromise its freedom.
The Hague s ruling, coupled with Germany s thriving fanaticism, tended to negate the mood forAnschlussamong many Austrians. Beginning in 1932, Neu-bacher sVolksbundshed its persona as an above-party organization seeking union through international consensus. Increasingly a voice of the radical Right, it denounced the League and called forAnschlussvia "national self-help. This shift provoked a radical change in the concept ofAnschluss.
REFERENCES:Gehl,Austria; Ritter, "Hermann Neubacher"; Suval,Anschluss Question; Von Klemperer,Ignaz Seipel.

  1. austria—Austria translation Lutheranism spread into Austria from neighboring Germany very quickly reaching both Salzburg and Vienna in the s. At the same time the mountainous wes...Encyclopedia of Protestantism
  2. austria—Austria translation [Swahili Word]u Austria [English Word]u Austria [Part of Speech]u noun [Class]u [Terminology]u geography...Swahili-english dictionary
  3. austria—Austria bersetzung lat.u Bez.u fr sterreich. Auustria lateinischer Name fr sterreich auch in die englische Sprache bernommen. Auustriastrong lat. Bez. fr sterreich...Universal-Lexicon
  4. austria—выс. Австрия[название восходит к лат.u terra auster земля на востоке впервые появилось в ] Аустриа аллегорическая женская фигура символизирующая Австрию см. тж. AustriaBr...Австрия. Лингвострановедческий словарь
  5. austria—[str]Австрия...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  6. austria—n Австрия...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  7. austria—Austria noun Австрия...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  8. austria—сущ. геогр. Republic of Austria Австрия государство в Центральной Европе столица Вена...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  9. austria—n. Австрия...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  10. austria—the Republic of AustriaАвстрия Австрийская Республика...Англо-русский терминологический словарь МИД России
  11. austria—австрия...Англо-русский технический словарь
  12. austria—сущ. общ. Австрия республика столица Вена государственный язык немецкий валюта евро до г. в качестве национальной валюты использовался австрийский шиллингem euro schil...Англо-русский экономический словарь
  13. austria—австря...Англо-український словник
  14. austria—n геогр. н. Австря....Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  15. austria—А...Большой испанско-русский словарь
  16. austria—Австрия Итальянорусский словарь....Большой итальяно-русский и русско-итальянский словарь
  17. austria—f высок....Большой немецко-русский и русско-немецкий словарь
  18. austria—Austriaae fiАвстрия...Латинский словарь
  19. austria—AustriaAustria ae fАвстрия...Латинско-русский словарь
  20. austria—[str] n геогр.Republic of Austria Австрийская Республика...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  21. austria—Austria [str] n геогр.i Австрия Republic of Австрийская Республика...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  22. austria—str n геогр. Австрия Republic of Австрийская Республика...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна
  23. austria—[аустрья]...Польсько-український словник
  24. áustria—f...Португальско-русский словарь
  25. austria—Rzeczownik Austria Австрия...Универсальный польско-русский словарь