Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation

CRIMEA

Crimea: translation

In geographic terms, Crimea is a peninsula located on theBlack Seaand theSea of Azov; it has a population of nearly 2 million and covers 26,200 square kilometers. It is connected to the European mainland by the Isthmus of Perekop and is less than 10 kilometers from the Russian-controlled Kerch Peninsula. Due to its moderate climate, the area is popular withtouristsand has many spas and health resorts. The region was the site of the eponymous Crimean War (1853–1856) and the Yalta Conference during World War II. Politically speaking, the term “Crimea” refers to the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, an administrative unit ofUkraine, with its capital at Simferopol.
Rulers of the Crimean Peninsula have included the Greeks, Persians, Huns, Khazars, Mongols, Genoese, and others. The Crimean Khanate, which was a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, was conquered by theRomanovEmpire in the 18th century. During the Soviet period,Nikita Khrushchevtransferred control of the region to Ukraine to mark the 300th anniversary of the union between Ukraine and Russia; the region was anAutonomous Soviet Socialist Republic(ASSR) of theRussian Soviet Federative Socialist Republicfrom 1921 until 1945.Ethnic Russiansrepresent a majority of the population (58 percent);Ukrainiansare the second-largest group (24 percent), while CrimeanTatarsaccount for 12 percent of the republic’s populace.The Crimean Tatars were one of thepunished peoplesof the Soviet Union and were expelled toCentral AsiabyJoseph Stalin. Since thedissolution of the Soviet Union, many have returned to their ancestral lands, though spatial and economic displacement has resulted in many Tatars turning tocrime, creating social problems with other ethnic groups.
Ukrainian is the republic’s officiallanguage, but only one-tenth of the population are native speakers. Spoken by more than threequarters of the population, theRussian languagehas been granted special status as the language of interethnic communication. Crimean Tatar is a recognized regional language. During the 1990s, the status of Crimea severely complicated relations between Kiev and Moscow. The division of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet, which had been based in Sevastopol, between the two countries, proved especially problematic, as was Russia’s continuing use of the city for itsnavalactivities.
Nationalist politicians in the Russian Federation also used the status of ethnic Russians in Crimea as a populist tool, often inflaming anti-Ukrainian rhetoric. Tensions lessened somewhat during the secondYeltsinadministration, following the signing of the 1997 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership between Kiev and Moscow. Problems resurfaced in 2005 with disputes over certain properties in and around Sevastopol and Cape Sarych; the situation was not improved by the Kremlin’s discomfort with the effect of Ukraine’scolor revolution. Responding to the expansion of UkrainianUnited Statesmilitary cooperation under Viktor Yushchenko, anti–North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) protests flared in 2006. Distribution of Russian passports to residents of Crimea has also soured relations.
See alsoCossacks; National identity; Turkey.

  1. crimea—[kram]Крым...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  2. crimea—крым...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  3. crimea—крым...Англо-русский онлайн словарь
  4. crimea—n крым...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  5. crimea—Crimea noun Крым...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  6. crimea—сущ. геогр. Крым Крымский полуостров полуостров на юговостоке Европы омывается Чрным и Азовским морями входит в состав Украины...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  7. crimea—n. Крым [геогр.]...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  8. crimea—крим...Англо-український словник
  9. crimea—n геогр. н. Крим....Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  10. crimea—Крым...Большой испанско-русский словарь
  11. crimèa—Крым Крымский полуостров Итальянорусский словарь....Большой итальяно-русский и русско-итальянский словарь
  12. crimea—[krami] n геогр. пов КрымRepublic of Crimea Республика Крым...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  13. crimea—Crimea [krami] n геогр.i повi Крым Republic of Республика Крым...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  14. crimea—krami n геогр. повem Крым Republic of Республика Крым...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна