Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation

ANTISEMITISM

Anti-semitism: translation

The roots of anti-Semitism in Russia are deep. In 1791, Catherine the Great instituted the Pale of Settlement, which restrictedJewishresidents in the lands of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from settling in other parts of Russia. The territorial confinement served to prevent the burgeoning Jewish middle class from dominating Russia’s economic life.
During the 19th century, successive tsars placed new restrictions on Jews, expelled many from Russian cities, and encouraged populist acts of religious violence, including pogroms. It was also during this period that the infamousProtocols of the Elders of Zionwas fabricated and distributed, ostensibly by a member of the Russian secret police, as “proof” of a worldwide Jewish conspiracy.Many Jews chose to emigrate to theUnited Statesor Palestine, while others gravitated to revolutionary movements such as the Bund and Bolshevik Party. Among Russia’s peasantry, popular resentment of theCommunist Party of the Soviet Unionand anti-Semitism were often intertwined, especially during the early period of Soviet rule and the Russian Civil War when the Whites described the Bolsheviks as a “gang of marauding Jews.”
Later, underJoseph Stalin, many Jewish Bolsheviks were purged and a vigorous anti-Zionism campaign created new problems for the country’s Jewish population. The continued conceptualization of Jews as anethnic minorityand not a religious population ensured that Jews, despite their high level of assimilation to Russian culture, would continue to be viewed as non-Russians. The Soviet Union’s difficult relations withIsraelfurther complicated the situation of Russian Jews, particularly during the Arab-Israeli wars of the second half of the 20th century.
In the late Soviet period, many Jews, colloquially known as refuseniks, attempted to emigrate to Israel but were barred by bureaucratic hurdles that were internationally condemned. With thedissolution of the Soviet Unionin 1991, a virulent form of popular anti-Semitism found fertile ground in a society wracked by the hardships of transition to a marketeconomy.Political partiessuch as theLiberal Democratic Party of Russiaand theCommunist Party of the Russian Federationmade attacks on the mostly Jewisholigarchsa basic component of their populist message.Neofascistand neoNazi youth groups also fed the fire of resentment against Jews. In the past decade, attacks against synagogues and hate crimes against Jews have been on the rise (doubling in 2005), despite new legislation targeting ethnically or religiously motivatedcrimes.
See alsoZhirinovsky, Vladimir.

  1. antisemitism—antiSemitism bersetzung antiSemitism Antisemitismus m...Englisch-Deutsch Worterbuch gesetz
  2. antisemitism—Antisemitism translation The hatred of the Jewish people either by individuals groups or states and one of the major factors motivating modern Zionismstrong. The founder ...Historical Dictionary of Israel
  3. antisemitism—Antisemitism translation antiJewish prejudice founded on pseudoscientific speculation that devised a racially based hostility toward Jews. Although European Jews had endu...Historical dictionary of Weimar Republik
  4. antisemitism—[ntsemtzm]антисемитизм...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  5. antisemitism—n антисемитизм...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  6. antisemitism—antiSemitism [ntsemtzm] nu антисемитизм...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  7. antisemitism—сущ. антисемитизм...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  8. antisemitism—nантисемитизм проявление национализма и враждебности по отношению к евреям. антисемитизм проявление национализма и враждебности по отношению к евреям....Англо-русский словарь по социологии
  9. antisemitism—nантисемитизм юдофобияto fan the fires of antiSemitism разжигать антисемитизм manifestations of antiSemitism resurgent antiSemitism with a touch of antiSemitism...Англо-русский словарь политической терминологии
  10. antisemitism—сущ.emантисемитизм проявление национализма и враждебности по отношению к евреям....Англо-русский социологический словарь
  11. antisemitism—сущ. соц. пол. антисемитизм одна из форм национальной и религиозной нетерпимости выражающаяся во враждебном отношении к евреям социальное явление использовавшееся правящи...Англо-русский экономический словарь
  12. antisemitism—сущ. соц. пол. antiSemitism...Англо-русский экономический словарь
  13. antisemitism—n...Англо-украинский словарь
  14. antisemitism—n антисемтизм...Англо-український дипломатичний словник
  15. antisemitism—антисемтизм...Англо-український словник
  16. antisemitism—антисемтизм...Англо-український словник
  17. antisemitism—n антисемтизм....Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  18. antisemitism—antiSemitismgt антисемитизм...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  19. antisemitism—[ntsemtzm] n...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  20. antisemitism—antiSemitism [ntsemtzm] ni антисемитизм...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  21. antisemitism—ntsemtzm n антисемитизм...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна
  22. antisemitism—s.n. антисемитизм m....Румынско-русский словарь
  23. antisemitism—Антисемтизм...Шведсько-український словник
  24. antisemitism—Антисемтизм...Шведсько-український словник
  25. antisemitism—Антисемтизм...Шведсько-український словник
  26. antisemitism—Антисемитизмюдофобство...Эстонско-русский словарь