Historical Dictionary of the Etruscans

WARFARE

WARFARE: translation

The evidence for Etruscan warfare can be built up out of literary, iconographic, and archaeological information. The most secure information derives from archaeology, which has produced the evidence of funerary remains (arms and armor) and fortifications. Many of the most spectacular burials, such as the Tomba del Guerriero at Tarquinia (approximately 680 BC) and the Tomba del Duce at Vetulonia (circa 700 BC), exhibit the magnificent displays of panoplies of weaponry and must be seen primarily as prestige display. In this respect, warfare appears not only to be a practice associated with men, but also to be part of the material form of their ideology, an alternative male form of beautification.
Once the combinations of weaponry (helmets, shields and greaves, swords, palstaves, and spears) are arranged in chronological order and combined with iconography, such as the stele of Aul Feluske at Vetulonia, the enduring importance of the single warrior engaged in more fluid and open combat seems to be the dominant mode of warfare. Some authors have noted a more collective phalanx type of warfare in the south of Etruria compared with a more individualistic warfare in the north. The character of the warfare would have been heavily reliant on small groups of heavily armed aristrocratic kin, supported by more lightly armed retainers. Many Etruscan cities were fortified as early as the seventh century BC, which would have provided as much a symbol of community as physical protection to add to the natural defense of the plateaus where they were placed. In warfare there was also a strong element of ritualistic spectacle and display. The Etruscans had a reputation for piracy at sea, but this appears to be an externalized reputation based on their economic power and trade.
See also FORTIFICATION; HORSES.

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  5. warfare—warfare translationSynonyms and related wordsKilkenny cats altercation argument bickering catanddog life combat competition conflict contention contentiousness contest co...Moby Thesaurus
  6. warfare—[wf]война приемы ведения войныборьба столкновение...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  7. warfare—война приемы ведения войны столкновение борьба...Англо-русский дополнительный словарь
  8. warfare—Военное дело...Англо-русский морской словарь
  9. warfare—война...Англо-русский научно-технический словарь
  10. warfare—война боевые действия приемы ведения войны воен....Англо-русский словарь военных терминов
  11. warfare—n боевая техника военные действия столкновение...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  12. warfare—warfare [wfe] nu война примы ведения войны столкновение борьба...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  13. warfare—сущ. война приемы ведения войны armored warfare biological warfare chemical warfare conventional warfare desert warfare economic warfare germ warfare guerrilla w...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  14. warfare—приемы ведения борьбы...Англо-русский словарь по биотехнологиям
  15. warfare—information warfare...Англо-русский словарь по компьютерной безопасности
  16. warfare—n .strong война боевые действия .strong борьба конфликт вражда. strong война боевые действия strong борьба конфликт вражда. biological warfare chemical warfare...Англо-русский словарь по социологии
  17. warfare—Конфликт столкновение economic warfare price warfare...Англо-русский словарь по экономике
  18. warfare—nвойна боевые действия способ ведения войныto conduct warfare вести войну боевые действияto transform warfare изменять характер войныto wage warfare вести войну боев...Англо-русский словарь политической терминологии
  19. warfare—n. война приемы ведения войны борьба столкновение...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  20. warfare—wfвойна военные действия...Англо-русский словарь экономических терминов
  21. warfare—война...Англо-русский технический словарь
  22. warfare—сущ. общ. война боевые действия способы ведения войныto conduct warfare вести боевые действияthe science of warfare военная наукаmeans of warfare средства ведения войн...Англо-русский экономический словарь
  23. warfare—война ведение войны примы ведения войны...Англо-русский юридический словарь
  24. warfare—n вйна прийоми ведення вйниguerrilla warfare партизанська вйна сутичка боротьба...Англо-украинский словарь
  25. warfare—n вйна бойов д прийоми ведення вйни bacterial бактерологчна вйна biological бологчна вйна ведення вйни бологчною зброю chemical хмчна вйна вйна з застосуванням хмчно...Англо-український дипломатичний словник
  26. warfare—воювання боротьба вйна зткнення...Англо-український словник
  27. warfare—nвйна прийоми ведення вйни air warfare allout warfare electronic warfare naval warfare...Англо-український словник авіаційних термінів
  28. warfare—n вйськ. вйна бойов д прийоми ведення вйни bacterial germ бактерологчна вйна guerrilla партизанська вйна the science of вонна наука to conduct вести бойов д боротьба...Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  29. warfare—[wfe] n. воен. война боевые действия способы ведения войныto conduct warfare вести боевые действияthe science of warfare военная наукаmeans of warfare средства ведения...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  30. warfare—warfare [wfe] ni . воен. iвойна боевые действия способы ведения войны to conduct вести боевые действия the science of военная наука means of средства ведения войны ...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  31. warfare—wfe n . воен. emвойна боевые действия способы ведения войны to conduct вести боевые действия the science of военная наука means of средства ведения войны space ...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна