Historical dictionary of shamanism

TOURISM

Tourism: translation

Shamanicperformancesand shamanic use of visioninducing plant derivatives have attracted both scholars and enthusiasts seekinginitiation, education, and entertainment. While shamanism tourism and hallucinogen tourism have seriously disrupted indigenous cultures, communities, and environments, some critics have exaggerated the distinction between shamanic work and entertainment.Humor, carnivalesque drama, and the telling oftrickstertales are common elements of shamans’ roles. Shamans’ traditional clients and neighbors frequently evidence entirelypragmaticand even skeptical approaches to shamanic claims and indicate that good performance can be a sign of an adept shaman.Similarly, while some indigenous shamans work only for theirclan, village, or kin group, others serve any clients willing to pay. Since scholars have struggled to understand indigenous knowledge and have sometimes imported modernist preconceptions into their interpretations, it is not surprising that hallucinogen tourists and others have misunderstood thepurityaspects ofpurgative(vomit-inducing) planthelpers. Similarly, manyneo-shamanictourists have clearly interpreted their experiences among indigenous shamans in, for example,South AmericaorNepal, entirely in line with Western modernist ideas abouttherapeuticandJungian-style psychology. Shamanic- and entheogenrelated tourism have been promoted byBrant Secunda, Alberto Villoldo, and many leading neo-shamans, while being strongly criticized byMarlene Dobkin de Riosand Jay Fikes.
See alsoAyahuasca; Huichol; Mazatec; Psilocybin; Sabina, Maria; Wasson, Gordon.

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