Historical dictionary of shamanism

COSMOLOGY

Cosmology: translation

Shamans and their communities usually share a cosmology, a view of the world, that includes an understanding of both how everything works and how it began. Generally, shamanic cosmologies areanimist, althoughneo-shamanism’s modernist framework is demonstrated by its central focus onindividuationand itstherapeuticpractice. Many indigenous origin myths attribute the creation of the world or cosmos to a number of cooperating and competingother-than-human persons, includingtricksters. But it is commonplace to consider that the actions of all living beings continuously co-create the world, intentionally or otherwise.Shamans may be required tomediatebetween communities and persons whose cocreativity is contradictory, or they may seek to mitigate the results of a creative activity that endangers their community or clients (seeSAN). A fundamental problem in understanding shamanic cosmologies (and hence everything that shamans do) is raised by the question of what the world is like. Modernist (post-Enlightenment) cultures are founded on a hierarchical dualism that contrasts “nature” with “culture” (as object versus subject, materiality versus consciousness, and so on). Shamans and their animist communities may see and experience the world entirely differently.Eduardo Viveiros de Castrodemonstrates the importance ofperspectivismin relation toAmazonia(and his argument is supported elsewhere). The shaman’s job is “to see as others see.” On the basis that all living beings share a single culture but perceive one another differently because there are “multiple natures,” manifest forms or masks, shamans are required to see past the “multinaturalism” to the cultural being. They can then determine the probable intentions of others, especially those who are likely to bepredatorson human communities.
Classic accounts of shamanic cosmologies from many cultures suggest a tripartite model of the cosmos—an understanding of a three-tiered cosmosconsisting of anunderworld, this world, and anupper world. Shamans are required because these worlds are interconnected and their inhabitants influence each other in significant and sometimes dangerous ways. Beings from the upper or lower worlds may attack a shaman’s community, inflictingillnessesand preventing hunting. Especially inMirceaEliade’s model of shamanism which privileges this cosmology, shamans are by definition people who canecstatically journeybetween the worlds on behalf of their communities. Inneo-shamanism, theother worldsare often taken to be interior to individual shamans or their clients, or archetypal and ideational locations (the “imaginal”). Thus, shamanic journeying becomes an “inner” experience parallel toJungianand other therapeutic techniques such asvisualization.

  1. cosmology—космология космологическая теория...Англо-русский физический словарь
  2. cosmology—Cosmology translation Cosmology In our day cosmology is a branch of philosophical study and therefore excludes from its investigation whatever forms the object of the na...Catholic encyclopedia
  3. cosmology—The metaphysical study of the origin and nature of the universe The branch of astrophysics that studies the origins and structure of the universe...Crosswordopener
  4. cosmology—COSMOLOGY translation There is clear evidence even allowing for the influence of late literary sources that the Etruscans had a highly ordered cosmological construction o...Historical Dictionary of the Etruscans
  5. cosmology—cosmology translationSynonyms and related wordsaesthetics astrogony axiology big bang theory casuistry continuous creation theory cosmic evolution cosmic philosophy cosmi...Moby Thesaurus
  6. cosmology—cosmology translationThe study of the origin and structure of the universe....Philosophy dictionary
  7. cosmology—[kzml]космология...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  8. cosmology—космология...Англо-русский геологический словарь
  9. cosmology—Космология...Англо-русский морской словарь
  10. cosmology—n космология...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  11. cosmology—cosmology [kzmld] nu космология...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  12. cosmology—сущ. космология...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  13. cosmology—nкосмология учение о Вселенной как о едином целом.strong космология учение о Вселенной как о едином целом....Англо-русский словарь по социологии
  14. cosmology—n. космология...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  15. cosmology—сущ.emкосмология учение о Вселенной как о едином целом....Англо-русский социологический словарь
  16. cosmology—космология...Англо-русский технический словарь
  17. cosmology—n...Англо-украинский словарь
  18. cosmology—космологя...Англо-український словник
  19. cosmology—n космологя....Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  20. cosmology—[kzmld] n...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  21. cosmology—cosmology [kzmld] ni космология...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  22. cosmology—kzmld n космология...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна