Historical dictionary of sacred music

FUGUE

Fugue: translation

A composition or a significant, self-contained portion of a larger composition, based entirely onimitation. Thesubjectis announced unaccompanied:
Most commonly, a single subject and its countersubject provide all the motivic material for the entire fugue; occasionally fugues may have multiple subjects (double fugue, etc.). A two-voice texture, the minimum, is rare; three and four voices are most common; five and six occasionally occur, especially in vocal music. Fugues are signifi-cant for sacred music in two ways: as a means of constructing choral numbers inmasses, oratorios, cantatas, motets, etc.; and asorganrepertory which may have a peripheral function, aspreludeorpostludemusic, in Christian liturgy.
The Latin wordfuga("flee") has been associated since the early 15th century with imitative composition in various genres: popular song, round, catch,canon, motet,fantasia, ricercar, canzona.But while some of those terms could include other textures,fugacame to be associated exclusively with imitative texture by the 17th century. In modern usage it generally applies to music dating from the late 17th century or later.
There is no traditional form for fugues, but there are many conventional terms (see figure 2). Anexpositionof the fugue presents a complete subject, orentry, in any voice, whereas anepisodeworks with material derived from the exposition. Astretto(It. "tightened") is an exposition in which the entries are overlapped more quickly than originally.
The acknowledged master of the keyboard fugue, and in particular those for organ that might have been heard in church, isJohann Sebastian Bach. His cantatas,passions, masses, and motets also contain many choral fugal movements, but in this application of fugal technique he is joined in mastery, although of a more dramatic, less religious kind, by his contemporaryGeorge Frideric Handel, whoseEnglish oratoriosinspired many choral fugues ofFranz Joseph Haydnand those of later composers oforatorios. In fact, after the 18th century the choral fugue was an essential component of the sacred musical semantic; no serious sacred oratorio or mass could do without one.
Figure 2. Fuga from BWV 547, mm. 1-3.

  1. fugue—мед.сущ. реакция бегства психиатр. фуга Англорусский медицинский словарь....Англо-русский медицинский словарь
  2. fugue—fugue bersetzung Flucht fu Ausbrechen nu Abhauen nfaire une fugue ausreien davonlaufen fugue [fyg] Substantif fminin dun mineur Ausreien neutreem dun adulte Verschwind...Dictionnaire Francais-Allemand
  3. fugue—fugue translationSynonyms and related wordsagnosia amnesia blackout canon catalepsy cataplexy catatonic stupor catch daydreaming daze dream state fugato fugue state hypno...Moby Thesaurus
  4. fugue—[fjug]фуга...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  5. fugue—n фуга...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  6. fugue—fugue [fjug] nu муз.u фуга...Англо-русский словарь Мюллера
  7. fugue—сущ. муз. фуга...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  8. fugue—n. фуга пориомания...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  9. fugue—n фуга...Англо-украинский словарь
  10. fugue—фуга...Англо-український словник
  11. fugue—n муз. фуга....Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  12. fugué—adj муз. fmem fugueв форме фуги...Большой французско-русский и русско-французский словарь
  13. fugue—f муз. фуга разг. бегство отлучка faire une fugue сбежать отлучиться...Большой французско-русский и русско-французский словарь
  14. fugue—[fjug] n муз....Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  15. fugue—fugue [fjug] n муз.i фуга...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  16. fugue—fjug n муз. фуга...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна
  17. fugue—f муз. фуга разг. бегство отлучка faire une fugue сбежать отлучиться...Новый французско-русский словарь
  18. fugué—adj муз. fm fugue в форме фуги...Новый французско-русский словарь
  19. fugue—f псих. реакция бегства...Французско-русский медицинский словарь
  20. fugue—f faire une fugue...Французско-русский фразеологический словарь