FORD, ALEKSANDER

(1908-1980)

The controversial "father" of post-1945 Polish cinema, Ford started his career with a series ofdocumentary filmsin 1928. His much-praised narrative debut,The Legion of the Street(Legion ulicy, 1932), voted the best film of the year byKinoreaders, was one of the first films showing a realistic picture of everyday life coupled with elements of social commentary. The young director was hailed by the leftist press in particular (he was a known Communist) as the most promising Polish director. In 1930 he became the cofounder ofSTART—a dynamic cine club that promoted ambitious, artistic cinema. In 1938 Ford codirected with Jerzy ZarzyckiThe People of the Vistula(Ludzie Wisły), a film set in the milieu of Jean Vigo'sL'Atalante(1934) and also bearing some features of Vigo's masterpiece: glimpses of social conditions, a love story on a river barge, and the life on the shore contrasted with that on the barge.

Ford survived the war in the Soviet Union where he cocreated thefilm unit Czołówka(Vanguard) within the Polish Tadeusz Kościuszko First Division, which fought alongside the Red Army. He returned with the Red Army as an officer in the Kościuszko Division and, thanks to his political connections, became the most important person in the postwar Polish film industry. From 1945 to 1947, he was the head of Film Polski, then artistic director of two film units—Blok (1948-1949) and Studio (1955-1968)—and teacher at theŁódź Film School(1948-1968). Ford also produced several acclaimed films. In 1949 he directedBorder Street(Ulica graniczna), a film dealing with the wartime predicament of Polish Jews and showing the partitioning of Warsaw by the Germans into Jewish and Aryan quarters.His next film,The Youth of Chopin(Młodość Chopina, 1952), traced five years of the composer's life. Ford's first film in color,Five Boys from Barska Street(Piątka z ulicy Barskiej, 1954), for which he won the Best Director award at the Cannes Film Festival, focused on juvenile delinquency, a theme previously untouched in Polish cinema. For Polish viewers, however, Ford is chiefly known as the maker of the most successful (at the box office) Polish film, the historical epicThe Teutonic Knights(Krzyżacy) in 1960.

The events of 1968 (the anti-Semitic campaign orchestrated by a nationalistic faction of the Communist Party in order to remove some seasoned party and security force members, many of whom were Jewish, from their privileged positions) isolated Ford as both a person of Jewish origin and an activist linked with the group removed from power. As a result, in 1969 Ford migrated from Poland and tried to continue his career in West Germany, Denmark, and the United States. In Germany he directedThe First Circle(Den Foerste Kreds, 1971) andDr. Korczak, the Martyr(Sie Sind Frei, Dr. Korczak, 1974,

West Germany-Israel). In 1980, at the age of seventy-two, he committed suicide. Details of his eventful life are covered in Stanisław Janicki's documentaryLoved and Hated:The Tragedy of Life and Death of the Maker ofThe Teutonic Knights (Kochany i znienawidzony. Dramat życia i śmierci twórcyKrzyżaków, 2002).

Other films:Sabra(1933),Eighth Day of the Week(Ósmy dzień tygodnia, 1958, released in 1983),The First Day of Freedom(Pierwszy dzień wolności, 1964).