CASTELLANI, RENATO

(1913-1985)

Screenwriter and director. Often labeled a "calligrapher" because of his meticulous attention to the more formal and pictorial aspects of his films, Castellani grew up in Argentina before returning to Italy to study architecture at the Politecnico of Milan. While studying he began experimenting with radio as an artistic medium. In 1936 he served as a military officer in Africa, where he came into contact withMario Camerini, who was filmingIl grande appello(The Last Roll-Call, 1936). After returning to Italy he began working as a screenwriter for a number of established directors, including Camerini andAlessandro Blasetti, whom he served as both screenwriter and assistant director onUn'avventura di Salvator Rosa(An Adventure of Salvator Rosa, 1940) andLa corona di ferro(The Iron Crown, 1941). A year later, after having been assistant director forMario Soldati'sMalombra(1942), he wrote and directed his first film,Un colpo di pistola(A Pistol Shot, 1942), a highly composed and very elegant adaptation of a short story by Alexander Pushkin. This was followed byZaza(1943, but only released in March 1944), a refined variation on the Lady of the Camelias theme to whichNino Rotacontributed an original score, andLa donna della montagna(The Woman of the Mountain, 1943), which, however, was left unfinished due to the war.

After the war Castellani directed some theatrical reviews (including a production of Noel Coward'sBlithe Spirit) before embarking on a number of films in a decidedly neorealist vein:Sotto il sole di Roma(Beneath a Roman Sun, 1948),Eprimavera(It's Spring, 1949), and the film for which he is best remembered,Due soldi di speranza(Two Cents'Worth of Hope, 1952).The story of a young man who returns to his village in southern Italy after the war only to be confronted by dismal job prospects and the infuriating antics of a feisty young woman determined to marry him at any cost,Due soldiwon the Grand Jury Prize at Cannes and aNastro d'argentofor Castellani as director. In 1954 a version ofRomeo and Juliet, shot in Verona with scenography and costumes meticulously modeled on Italian Renaissance paintings, earned Castellani the Golden Lion at theVenice Festival. The tragic love storyI sogni nel cassetto(Dreams in a Drawer, 1957) was followed byNella citta l'inferno(Hell in the City, 1958), a film that broughtAnna MagnaniandGiulietta Masinatogether in the tough confines of a women's prison. Two years laterIl brigante(TheBrigand, 1961), adapted from a novel by Giuseppe Berto, recounted the plight of a left-wing Calabrian peasant forced to become an outlaw. Accompanied by the haunting music of Nino Rota, the film was nominated for the Golden Lion at Venice in 1961. Less-than-memorable episodes in the compilation filmsTre notti d'amore(Three Nights of Love, 1963) andControsesso(Countersex, 1964) were followed byQuesti fantasmi(Ghosts, Italian-Style, 1968), an only moderately successful adaptation of Eduardo De Filippo's 1948 play, although well acted bySophia LorenandVittorio Gassman.Una breve stagione(A Brief Season, 1969) was his last work for the big screen before devoting himself, likeRoberto Rossellini, to television, for which he wrote and directed a very popular series on the life of Leonardo da Vinci (Leonardo, 1971), a three-part fictional recreation ofIl furto della Gioconda(The Theft of the Mona Lisa, 1978) and a miniseries on the composer Giuseppe Verdi (Verdi, 1982).