Encyclopedia of medieval literature

JONGLEUR

jongleur: translation

(joglar)
The jongleur (orjoglar, in Provençal) was an itinerant professional entertainer known chiefly in medieval France and Occitan, but also in Spain, Italy, and Norman England. The particular term was used as early as the eighth century, though jongleurs seem to have been known in France from the fifth to the 15th centuries. In the beginning the term referred to a professional entertainer of any kind, including jugglers (a term derived fromjongleur), acrobats, dancers, actors, and musicians. By the 10th century, however, the term was used exclusively for musical entertainers.
In Occitan, beginning in the 11th century,joglarswould perform lyrics composed by the TROUBADOURS. Often the troubadour would mention the joglar’s name in thetornada, or ending envoi of the song, mentioning as well the song’s intended recipient—often through asenhalor pseudonym— who might be expected to reward thejoglarfor delivering and performing the song. One of Jaufre RUDEL’s lyrics ends:
Without any letter of parchment
I send this vers, which we sing
in our plain romance tongue,
to En Hugo Brun, by Filhol;
(Goldin 1973, 105, ll. 29–32)
Here Filhol is thejoglar, who apparently was expected to memorize the song to perform for En Hugo, rather than carry it in written form. In another lyrictornada, BERNART DE VENTADORN writes:
Garsio, now sing my song
for me, and take it
to my Messenger, who was there.
I ask what counsel he would give.
(Goldin 1973, 145, ll.61–64)
Garsio is thejoglar, and the “Messenger” is thesenhalfor Bernart’s friend or patron, the addressee of the song.
These kinds oftornadasbecame less and less frequent from the 12th through 13th centuries, which, as William Paden points out, may suggest that the means of delivery for the songs was changing from an oral to a written medium. The destruction of Occitan culture during the Albigensian Crusade in the 13th century may also have had something to do with this decline. In northern France thejongleurwas employed to sing and disseminate the songs of the TROUVÈRES, but in northern France jongleurs also recited ballads, told stories and saints’ lives, and sang CHANSONS DE GESTE.
The importance ofjongleursis chiefly a function of their wandering. Relying on the compositions of others, such as troubadours,jongleurstraveled among various courts and countries, disseminating vernacular songs and lyric poetry throughout western Europe. They provided one vehicle for troubadour poetry, particularly lyrics in the COURTLY LOVE vein, to migrate from court to court and even country to country.
Bibliography
■ Goldin, Frederick, ed. and trans.Lyrics of the Troubadours and Trouvères: An Anthology and a History. Garden City, New York: Anchor, 1973.
■ Harvey, Ruth E. “Joglars and the Professional Status of the Early Troubadours,”Medium Ævum62 (1993): 221–241.
■ Paden,William D. “The Role of the Joglar.” InChrétien de Troyes and the Troubadours: Essays in Memory of the Late Leslie Topsfield, edited by Peter S. Noble and Linda M. Paterson. Cambridge: St. Catherine’s College, 1984.

  1. jongleur—A singer of folk songs...Crosswordopener
  2. jongleur—jongleur bersetzung Jongleur m prestidigitateurem Gaukler m jongleur euse [gl z] Substantif masculin fminin Jongleurin masculin fmininem...Dictionnaire Francais-Allemand
  3. jongleur—Jongleur bersetzung pilariusi der Becherknstler u. Kugelwerfer. ventilatori der Taschenspieler....Kleines deutsch-lateinisches Handworterbuch
  4. jongleur—jongleur translationSynonyms and related wordsMeistersinger Parnassian archpoet ballad maker ballad singer balladeer balladmonger bard beat poet bucoliast elegist epic po...Moby Thesaurus
  5. jongleur—[gl]средневековый бродячий певец менестрель...Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь
  6. jongleur—средневековый бродячий певец менестрель...Англо-русский дополнительный словарь
  7. jongleur—n менестрель средневековый бродячий певец...Англо-русский словарь Лингвистика-98
  8. jongleur—фр. сущ. ист. средневековый бродячий певец менестрель...Англо-русский словарь общей лексики
  9. jongleur—n. средневековый бродячий певец менестрель...Англо-русский словарь редакция bed
  10. jongleur—фр. n середньовчний мандрвний спвець менестрель...Англо-украинский словарь
  11. jongleur—менестрель...Англо-український словник
  12. jongleur—n фр. середньовчний мандрвний спвець менестрель....Англо-український словник Балла М.І.
  13. jongleur—и фр. m s e...Большой немецко-русский и русско-немецкий словарь
  14. jongleur—Jongleurstrong ZONlQR m s e жонглstrongр...Большой немецко-русский словарь
  15. jongleur—m fem jongleuse ист. жонглр менестрель уст. скоморох жонглр перен. фигляр шарлатан игрок...Большой французско-русский и русско-французский словарь
  16. jongleur—жонглр...Голландско-русский словарь
  17. jongleur—Жонглр...Нидерландско-русский словарь
  18. jongleur—[gl] n ист.средневековый бродячий певец менестрель...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
  19. jongleur—jongleur [gl] n ист.i средневековый бродячий певец менестрель...Новый большой англо-русский словарь II
  20. jongleur—gl n ист. средневековый бродячий певец менестрель...Новый большой англо-русский словарь под общим руководством акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна
  21. jongleur—m f jongleuse ист. жонглр менестрель уст. скоморох жонглр перен. фигляр шарлатан игрок...Новый французско-русский словарь