Dictionary of Renaissance art

GUILDS

Guilds: translation

Associations of individuals who practice specific trades, their purpose to control standards and maintain the monopoly of their activities. Although the concept of forming associations with members who share a particular interest had existed since antiquity, it was not until the late Middle Ages that guilds came to play a key role in the urban economy. In England, France, the Low Countries, Germany, and Italy the earliest medieval guilds were related to the textile industry. By the 13th century, France was completely dominated by the guild system, with every trade, including prostitution, well represented. InFlorence, guilds were ranked according to the occupations of its members.The 7 Greater Guilds were those in prestigious professions, such asbanking, law, and wool merchantry, while the 14 Lesser Guilds represented the smaller craftsmen and businessmen. In processions, the order in which these guilds participated depended on this hierarchy. In some cases, members of guilds took part in government. In 14th-century Florence, for instance, only guild members were eligible for civic office and, inVenicein 1310, members of the painter's guild were involved in the crushing of a rebellion against their government.
Guilds often generated art commissions. The Florentine Guild of Refiners of Imported Woolen Cloth, the Arte della Calimala, for example, askedLorenzo Ghibertito render the statue ofSt.John the Baptist(1412-1416) for one of the exterior niches atOrsanmichele. The Guild of Linen Drapers and Peddlers, the Arte dei Linaiuoli e Rigattieri, commissioned fromDonatellotheSt.Mark(1411-1413), and the Guild of Armorers and Swordmakers, the Arte dei Corazzai e Spadai, paid for hisSt.George(1415-1417), both in the same location. In the North,Frans Florispainted theFall of the Rebel Angels(1554; Antwerp, Musée Royal des Beaux-Arts) for the Fencer's Guild of Antwerp andRembrandttheAnatomy Lesson of Dr.Tulp(1632; The Hague, Mauritshuis) for the Surgeon's Guild of Amsterdam.

  1. guilds—Guilds translation Guilds Voluntary associations for religious social and commercial purposes dd Catholic Encyclopedia.Kevin Knight Guilds Guilds Catholic_Encyclopedi...Catholic encyclopedia
  2. guilds—Guilds translationTrade or craft associations much like trade unions but usually confined to a town. Most towns had craft guilds. The merchant guilds sought protection fr...Dictionary of Medieval Terms and Phrases
  3. guilds—Guilds translation In Brussels the word guild was at first reserved solely to designate the association of those engaged in the production and sale of clothstrong. Only a...Historical Dictionary of Brussels
  4. guilds—Guilds translation Associations formed to promote special objects the members being bound together to observe certain rules and regulations for the attainment of these ob...Historical Dictionary of London
  5. guilds—Guilds translation Trade guilds date back to India circa B.C. and shoemakers artisan guilds developed during the Roman Empire. Most guilds required long apprenticeships ...Historical Dictionary of the fashion industry
  6. guilds—Guilds translation Associations of merchants or craftsmen who obtained from the city authorities a monopoly in the trade or production of a cer tain branch of manufacturi...Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands
  7. guilds—гльд...Англо-український словник