Dictionary of Renaissance art

DANTE ALIGHIERI

Dante Alighieri: translation

(1265-1321)
Italian poet who authored theDivine Comedy(1307-1321). The son of aGuelfnotary fromFlorence, Dante fought in 1289 in the Battle of Campaldino, which led to the defeat of the Ghibellines. In 1295, he became a member of theGuildof Physicians and Apothecaries, a membership needed to fulfill his posts as diplomat and magistrate. By 1300 the Guelfs divided into two rivaling factions, the Bianchi and Neri, and when the Neri seized power in Florence in 1302, the Bianchi, among them Dante, were exiled from the city. Dante traveled through Italy, and perhaps also Paris and England.He died in Ravenna in 1321.
Dante'sDivine Comedydescribes his journey through hell (Inferno), purgatory (Purgatorio), and paradise (Paradiso), guided first by the Roman poetVirgiland then his beloved Beatrice. Written in the vernacular, Dante inaugurated a new literary genre and made the Tuscan dialect he used the standard Italian language. Until the 16th century, Dante's influence on art and culture was clearly felt. The depiction of hell in theStrozzi ChapelatSanta Maria Novella, Florence (1355-1357), by Nardo del Cione is based on Dante'sInfernoand, in Michelangelo'sLast Judgmentin theSistine Chapel, Vatican (1536-1541), Charon, one of Dante's characters in the same text, mans the boat that takes the souls to the underworld. Other artists celebrated Dante by including his portrait infrescocycles. In the Villa Carducci at Legnaia (1448),Andrea del Castagnoplaced him among the illustrious men and women he rendered. In theStanza della Segnatura(1510-1511),Raphaelplaced Dante in Parnassus alongsidePetrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, and the Ferrarese poet Ludovico Ariosto.

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