JEWS, CHARTER OF THE

Charter confirmed on 10 April 1201, its first sentence reading: 'John, by the grace of God, &c. Know that we have granted to all the Jews of England and Normandy to have freely and honourably residence in our land.' Section VII of the charter reads: 'And we order that they be free through all England and Normandy of all the customs and tolls and modiation [measurement] of wine just as our own *chattels. And we order you to guard, to defend, and to maintain them.' This charter was very similar to one granted by Richard I, and another even earlier by Henry I. Like all charters, this one cost money, being confirmed on due payment. Here, 4,000 marks were paid over two years, with 1,000 marks to be paid on succeeding *Michaelmas Days and Easters.