PAPPENHEIM, BERTHA

(1859-1936)

German com-munal leader. She was born in Vienna, where she was treated by the neurologistJoseph Breuer, who viewed her case as important in the development of psychoanalysis. Later she settled in Frankfurt am Main, where she became the headmistress of an orphanage. In 1904 she founded the relief organizaton Jüdischer Frauenbund and visited Galicia, Romania and Russia to carry out its work. In 1914 she established and directed an institute near Frankfurt for unmarried mothers, prostitutes and delinquent women. She trans-lated Yiddish works into German and wrote under the name of Paul Berthold.