JACOBS, JOSEPH (18541916)

was born at Sydney on 29 August 1854, the son of John and Sarah Jacobs. He was educated at Sydney grammar school and at Sydney university, where he won a scholarship for classics, mathematics and chemistry. He did not complete a course at Sydney, but left for England at the age of 18 and entered St John's College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. in 1876 (senior moralist), and in 1877 studied at the university of Berlin. He was secretary of the Society of Hebrew Literature from 1878 to 1884, and in 1882 came into prominence as the writer of a series of articles inThe Timeson the persecution of the jews in Russia. This led to the formation of the mansion house fund and committee, of which Jacobs was secretary from 1882 to 1900. During these years he gave much time to anthropological studies in connexion with the Jewish race, and became an authority on the question. In 1888 he prepared with Lucien WolfBibliotheca Anglo-Judaica: A Bibliographical Guide to Anglo-Jewish History, and in 1890 he editedEnglish Fairy Tales, the first of his long series of books of fairy tales published during the next 10 years. He wrote many literary articles for theAthenaeum, a collection of which,George Eliot, Matthew Arnold, Browning, Newman, Essays and Reviews from the Athenaeumwas published in 1891. In the same year appeared hisStudies in Jewish Statistics, in 1892,Tennysonand"In Memoriam", and in 1893 his important book onThe Jews of Angevin England. In 1894 were published hisStudies in Biblical Archaeology, andAn Inquiry into the Sources of the History of the Jews in Spain, in connexion with which he was made a corresponding member of the Royal Academy of History of Madrid. HisAs Others Saw Him, an historical novel dealing with the life of Christ, was published anonymously in 1895, and in the following year hisJewish Ideals and other Essayscame out.In this year he was invited to the United States of America to give a course of lectures on the "Philosophy of Jewish History".The Story of Geographical Discoverywas published towards the end of 1898 and ran into several editions. He had been compiling and editing theJewish Year Booksince 1896, and was president of the Jewish Historical Society of England in 1898-9. In 1900 he accepted an invitation to become revising editor of theJewish Encyclopaediawhich was then being prepared at New York.

Jacobs settled permanently in the United States. He wrote many articles for theJewish Encyclopaedia, and was generally responsible for the style of the whole publication. It was completed in 1906, and he then became registrar and professor of English at the Jewish theological seminary of America at New York. In 1908 he was appointed a member of the board of seven, which made a new English translation of the Bible for the Jewish Publication Society of America. In 1913 he resigned his positions at the seminary to become editor of theAmerican Hebrew. He died on 30 January 1916. He married Georgina Horne and there was a family of two sons and a daughter. In 1920 Book I of hisJewish Contributions to Civilization, which was practically finished at the time of his death, was published at Philadelphia. It is an excellent statement of the case, written clearly and quite objectively, the work of a fine scholar who claimed nothing he could not substantiate. In addition to the books already mentioned Jacobs editedThe Fables of Aesop as First Printed by Caxton(1889), Painter'sPalace of Pleasure(1890), Baltaser Gracian'sArt of Worldly Wisdom(1892), Howell'sLetters(1892),Barlaam and Josaphat(1896),The Thousand and One Nights(6 vols, 1896), and others. He was also a contributor to theEncyclopaedia Britannica, and Hasting'sEncyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics.